Effects of Thyme Oil, Peppermint Oil and their Combination on Productive Performance, Carcass Criteria and Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens
H.
Hassan
Dept. of Animal and Poult. Prod., Fac. of Agric., SVU, 83523 Qena, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Feeding trials were conducted to elucidate the influence of thyme and peppermint oils or their combination on productive performance and some blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 96 day-old boiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into four treatment groups. The first one was fed the basal diet, while the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were fed the same diet supplemented with thyme oil (100 mg/kg), peppermint oil (100 mg/kg) or a combination of both. Each treatment had three replicates with 8 broilers each. The daily weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) increased while feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat measures were enhanced by the dietary inclusion of the thyme oil and peppermint oil or their combination compared with the control corn-soybean-fed broilers. Interestingly, the addition of thyme oil and peppermint oil or their combination significantly reduced (P<0.01) the total cholesterol and triglycerides levels whereas the other blood profile including total protein, T3 and glucose levels were increased. There were significant variations in carcass characteristics including the percentages of dressed carcass, heart, gizzard, spleen and liver. In conclusion, the of thyme oil and peppermint oil or their combination displayed a greater response as growth promoters compared to the standard diet in order to improve growth performance and decreased cholesterol levels without adverse effect on carcass criteria of broilers.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
105
108
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43000_2e43fb99e759475b454ecfbb98c27050.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43000
Utilization of Discarded Dates as a Source of Energy in Silage Fermentation and the Effect of Silage Produced on the Performance of Dairy Cows
F.
Abo-Donia
By–Products Utilization Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
G.
El-Emam
By–Products Utilization Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
M.
El-Shora
By–Products Utilization Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
Amal
Fayed
By–Products Utilization Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
Hanim
Elsheikh
By–Products Utilization Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
T.
El-Sawah
Milk Technology Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of corn grain by discarded dates on silage quality and their effect on digestibility, milk production and composition. Sixteen crossbreed lactating Friesian cows were assigned to four balanced groups and fed individually for 90 days on experimental rations whereas: all the groups were received a basal diet with one of four kinds of silages as follows: 100 % crushed corn grain (T1), 75 % crushed corn grain + 25% discarded dates (T2), 50 % crushed corn grain + 50 % discarded dates (T3) and 25 % crushed corn grain + 75 % discarded dates (T4) on gross energy based, respectively. Results found that there was slight tendency to increase silage DM content with increasing the entry level of discarded dates. Silages containing discarded dates displayed OM and ash contents nearly identical to those of the control diet. The pH values of the tested silage samples ranged from 3.89 in S1 to 3.72 in S4. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in silage was decreased with increasing proportion of discarded dates in the silage. The digestibility coefficient of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the diets containing discarded dates than in the control diet. However, there was insignificant (P>0.05) increases in the digestibility of CP, CF, NDF and ADF for dietary treatment T2, T3 and T4 compared to the control (T1). Also, no significantly (P>0.05) different of dry matter intake was observed among dietary treatments. The highest actual milk and 4% fat corrected milk yield were recorded with T4 (10.87 and 10.24, respectively), while the lowest values for these items were corresponding to T1 (10.06 and 8.56, respectively) but the differences were not significant. Regarding of milk pH value, milk protein and ash contents have the same trend among groups with nonsignificant different among groups. However, there were significant differences in the milk percentages of fat, solid not fat (SNF), lactose and total solids between T1 (the lowest one) and each of T2, T3 and T4. Results of this study indicated that partial replacement of yellow corn grains by discarded dates up to 75% as a source of energy in silage did not show any negative effect on digestibility, feed efficiency, milk yield and composition in crossing Friesian cows.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
109
114
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43003_180780112d64f5693109c5b40d597df3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43003
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Small Ruminant Smallholders in Four District of Northern Egypt
H.
Metawi
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
author
N.
Shalaby
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mansoura, Egypt
author
A.
Gabr
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mansoura, Egypt
author
Eman
El- Bassiouny
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mansoura, Egypt.
author
text
article
2019
eng
The study seeks to characterize socio-economic and farm characteristics of small ruminant smallholders in four districts of northern Egypt. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 60 small ruminants’ farmers and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Findings show that the average age of respondents included in this study was about 46.6±13.6 years and across the four districts farmer age was not significantly different. The present results showed a high illiteracy rate (75%) among small ruminant farmers across the four districts. Majority (68.4%) of the respondents were identified themselves as full-time farmers, derived that household income from the sale of crops and/or animals only. However, the average household size was 6.2±2.2 persons and about 66.2% of household size are men. The results cleared a positive relationship between education level and access to off farm job. The average land holding per household in the study area is estimated as 6.6±3.3 acres. There is negative correlation between total land holding and herd size. Across the four districts, the data showed that the overall average of herd size consists of 68.1% sheep, 21.1% goats and 10.8% large ruminant. Suckling age represent larger proportion in the flock for sheep and goats, while breeding females is the second largest age group in the flock. On the other hand, lamb/kid is the lowest age groups in the flock which indicated that farmers are forced to rely early marketing of their lambs/kids. Thus, socio-economic and farm characteristics offer significant input in designing effective small ruminant programs.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
115
119
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43004_c2e791c55298e6fd8b3513f322ac1c97.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43004
Effect of Different Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) Doses on Does and their Kits Reproductivity of Hybrid Rabbits
Bana
Sarwar
Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Science Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
author
Chowman
Omar
Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Science Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
author
text
article
2019
eng
This study was conducted to assess the effect of Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) injection on the doe reproductive and their kits productivity traits of hybrid rabbits. The experiment was carried out at the animal farm, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, during spring (March to July) of 2018. A total of (48) forty-eight does and (24) twenty-four fertile bucks’ rabbits were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design, arrangement of four treatments (12 does/treatment) with allotted into 3 three replicates, which included; control: without injection (T1), positive control: with buffer saline (T2), T3: eCG (10 IU) and T4: eCG (20 IU) injected intramuscularly, and they were housed in a semi-closed rabbitry housing system. Data on the parameters studied were collected on an individual does in each group. The reproductive and productivity traits were measured by the number of weaned rabbits. The results showed that eCG dose (T3 and T4) decreasing in gestation period GP as compared to control groups which were higher significantly (p≤0.05). The kindling rate significantly exceed in injected group T3 when it compared to control groups, and with no significant differences with T4. For litter size (LS) at 7, 21, and 28 days (at weaning) T4 has significant exceed when it compared to control T1 and T2. While significant differences emerged of T4 for live weight at LW7, LW21, and LWW, respectively. And the T3 exceed significantly on the control (66.06±3.46 g/kit) for LW7, the control at LW21 and LWW. In conclusion, using eCG hormone in hybrid rabbits (T3) resulted in increasing doe reproductive and their kits productivity performance during the suckling period and proved to be an efficient way to increase production.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
121
125
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43005_ac5167da0f114e754260be8353469ba8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43005
Effect of Feeding Different Levels from Heat Protected Soybean Meal Protein in Diets of Growing Rahmani Lambs on Digestibility Coefficients, Feeding Values and Growth Performance
M.
El-Ayek
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
author
M.
El-Moghazy
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt.
author
H.
Areda
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Fifteen weaning Rahmani lambs with an average live body weight 19±0.5 kg and 4 months age were randomly assigned into three groups (each of 5 lambs) to study the effect of heat protected soybean meal protein diets at 145°C in a forced air oven for 4 hrs on nutrients digestibility as well as feeding values and their reflection on growth performance of growing lambs. Animals were fed for 120 days feeding period on the same three experimental diets. Control fed diet containing soybean meal (15%) without treatment as a consists of CFM + clover hay. The T1 fed diet containing (50% soybean meal protected + 50% soybean meal unprotected) as consists of CFM + clover hay. The T2 fed diet containing 100% soybean meal protected as consists of CFM + clover hay animal were fed in groups. Digestibility coefficients were determined using acid insoluble ash (AIA%) as natural marker. The obtained results indicated that digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE for lambs fed heat protected soybean meal protein were higher than those fed untreated diet. The improvements in nutrients digestibility reflected better feeding values in terms of TDN and DCP% for both diets contained treated protein than untreated one. Total dry matter intake varied between 1475.85 to 1518.28, 86.02 to 93.66 and 3.30 to 3.70 expressed as g/h/day, Kg W0.75 and %BW, respectively. In average, it is clearly appears that the highest daily weight gain was showed in T2 followed by T1 and control diets (0.211±0.013, 0.172±0.009 and 0.159±0.015Kg, respectively). The changes in body weights were in ascending order with increasing the level of protected soybean meal protein in animal diets. Net revenue was pronouncedly higher in diet that included heat protected soybean meal protein (853.634 and 1129.2 for T1 and T2, respectively) while it was 761.400L.E in control diet. From the obtained results, this study recommends the use of heat treatment as a protection method for SBM protein diets in growing lambs at 100% protected soybean meal protein.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
127
132
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43006_6178f9033913a0625cca4153593c926f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43006
Feed Intake, Antioxidant Properties and Litter Performance Affected by Multi-Nutrient Block Additive of Rabbit Does during Prevailing Heat Stress in Egypt
S.
Abdel-Azeem
Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt.
author
M.
Basyony
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki Giza, Egypt
author
Salma
Abu Hafsa
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, P. O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
A total number of 48 New Zealand White rabbit does (6-7 months old; 3068.33±29.56g) were randomly assigned into two groups (24 rabbits in each group of treatments). The 1st group was received a concentrated diet and the 2nd group received on a concentrated diet supplied with multi-nutrient block (MNB). The length of the experiment persisted for 16 weeks. The MNB group had significantly lower feed intake during pregnancy and lactation when compared to the fed concentrated diet only. As well as, data on plasma antioxidant, constituents followed the same trends as in these concerning pregnancy periods, where MNB plus concentrated diet group surpassed the concentrated diet group and favored the parameters evaluated. Also, during pregnancy constantly plasma antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in terms of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in the MNB group compared to the concentrated diet group. Litter size and weight at both birth and weaning, total litter weight gain and pre-weaning survival rate% significantly improved for MNB plus concentrated diet compared to the control cluster. It concluded that MNB in rabbit cages with feed concentration improved feed intake during pregnancy and lactation period also enhanced antioxidant status during pregnancy period additionally, better litter performance. Also, the best results were obtained from supplementing MNB on the first day from the mating.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
133
139
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43010_93e53720406b1c16a7ecb5870988a513.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43010
Effect of Humic and Fulvic Acids Mixture Treatment on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Damascus Goat Bucks: 1. Thermoregulation, Body Weight, Sexual Desire and Semen Quality under Heat Stress Condition
A.
Abdel-Khalek
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University,
author
E.
El-Gohary
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
author
Sh.
Gabr
Tanta University, Egypt.
author
M.
Hamad
Tanta University, Egypt.
author
N.
Abdul Jabbar
Tanta University, Egypt.
author
text
article
2019
eng
The objective of this study was to determine effect of humates, HTs (humic and fulvic acid mixture) on thermoregulation, body weight, sexual desire and semen quality of Damascus goat bucks under summer hot condition. The experimental work of this study was carried out at Sheep and Goats Breeding Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute. The experimental period lasted for 5 months, two months as primary period (April-May) and three months (Jun-August, 2017) as a semen collection period. During an experimental period of 5 mo, fifteen Damascus goat bucks weighing 31-33 kg and with 14-15 mo old were divided to three groups (n=5). Bucks of the 1st group (G1) had no treatment (control), but bucks in the second and third groups were daily administrated orally with 50 mg HTs (G2) and 100 mg HTs (G3) per kg live body weight of buck, respectively. The determined amount of humic and fulvic acids mixture in powder form was mixed with distilled water in an emulsion dose of 5 ml/buck during treatment period. Throughout the experimental period, ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH %) were recorded weekly and the physiological measurements were determined (13:00-14:00 h) and temperature-humidity index (THI) was estimated. All bucks were fed the same ration (concentrate feed mixture, berseem hay and rice straw and kept under the same housing and managerial conditions. Hair (HT), skin (ST), rectal (RT), scrotal (SCT) and ear (ET) temperature degrees, respiration (RR) and pulse (PR) rates were determined. Live body weight of bucks (LBW) was determined during the experimental period. Body measurements (length, depth and chest circumference), and ear length were determined pre-treatment (initial) and at the end of experiment (final). Scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular length (TL) and volume (TV) were measured. Reaction time was determined and semen was collected by artificial vagina. Results indicated that bucks in all groups exposed to very severe heat stress during the experimental months from Jun to August. Both RT and SCT reduced (P<0.05) in G2 and G3, while RR and PR decreased (P<0.05) in G3 only. However, the effect of HTs on HT, ST, ET, internal gradients between RT-ST, ST-HT, RT-SCT and ST-SCT was not significant. External gradient between each of HT, ET and RT, and AT was lower (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in G1, but gradient between ST-AT was not affected by HTs treatment. Slight differences between groups in buck weights from April up to 1st Jun, then bucks in G2 were heavier (P<0.05) than in G1 and G2 during July and August. The effect of HTs treatment on body measurements, TV and SC was not significant. Allici treatment increased (P<0.05) testicular length and plasma testosterone concentration, while decreased (P<0.05) reaction time as compared to control. Treatment with HTs improved (P<0.05) all physical semen characteristic and sperm outputs in G2 and G3 compared with G1. In conclusion, bucks in G3 receiving orally dose of 100 mg humic and fulvic acids mixture/kg LBW in hot months of summer season showed highest thermal regulation, which maintain live body weight, improve sexual desire and semen quality under heat stress condition.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
141
148
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43014_500262944fbcdfaeaf2ec2b82891e7de.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43014
Body Weight Response, Milk Production and Lipid Peroxidation of Rabbit Does to Multi-Nutrient Block Supplementation during Summer Conditions
S.
Abdel-Azeem
Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt.
author
A.
Hassan
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
author
Salma
Abu Hafsa
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, P. O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbit does about 6-7 months old (3068.33±29.56g) were randomly allotted into two groups (24 rabbits in each treatment group). The first group was consumed a concentrated diet and the second group consumed a concentrated diet supplied with multi-nutrient block (MNB). The experimental duration continued for sixteen weeks. Live body weights of does after parturition days and during lactation periods were improved in rabbits fed on a concentrated diet with MNB as compared to those fed on concentrated diet only. During the lactation period weekly and total milk yield was higher in the group fed on a concentrated diet plus MNB. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation whence of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was significantly decreased in MNB supplemented groups compared to the concentrated diet. It concluded that MNB in rabbit cages with feed concentration improved body weight, milk production and lipid peroxidation during pregnancy and lactation period of rabbit does. Also, the best results were obtained from supplementing MNB on the first day from the mating.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3642
10
v.
5
no.
2019
157
163
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43017_32a8cf59bd03379fb5c74319a1ddd866.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2019.43017