@article { author = {Ead, H. and Maklad, Eman and El-Shinnawy, M.}, title = {EFFECTS OF SEAWEED SUPPLEMENTATION TO DAIRY FRIESIAN COWS, RATIONS ON: 1- DIGESTION COEFFICIENTS AND RUMEN FERMENTTION}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {217-230}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83365}, abstract = {The effect of supplemented seaweed meal from Ascophyllum nodosum (S) to concentrate feed mixture (CFM) fed together with rice straw (RS) on the digestion and fermentation using three lactating Friesian cows, with mean metabolic body size (BW0.75) of 98 kg was studied. All animals were in the 2nd to 4th lactation season. The experimental rations were formulated as follows: R1: ration 1: 69.3 % (CFM) + 30.7% (RS), (as a control ration). R 2: ration 2:  68.3% CFM + 30.7 % (RS) + 1.0% (S). R 3: ration 3:  67.5 % CFM + 31.0 % (RS) + 1.5% (S). These proportions were chosen to achieve approximately iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations.  The dry matter intake (% of body weight) increased when feeding on R2 (4.55) or R3 (4.5) than feeding on R1 (4.13). The apparent digestibility of all nutrients and feeding values were significantly (P<0.05) higher with R1 than the others, except for nitrogen free extract (NFE) which increased (p<0.05) with R1 and R2 than R3, while unavailable neutral detergent fiber (UNDF) was significantly (P<0.05) higher with R3 than R1 and R2 and there was no significant effect on hemicllulose digestibility. The mean values of the buffering capacity (BC) increased (P<0.05) with R2 than R1 and R3, while the mean values of the total VFA concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher with R3 than R1, but without significant difference between R1 and R2 or R2 and R3. The mean values for VFA were 7.47, 10.63 and 13.23 ml eq / 100ml with R1, R2 and R3 respectively. The ruminal NH3-N concentrations ranged from 5.5 to 7.13 mg / 100 ml RL with different rations, but without significant differences. The predicted values using net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS) showed that the passage rate was higher when feeding on R2 (7.96 %/h) or on R3 (7.11 %/h) than feeding on R1 (6.5 %/h). The fiber, sugars and starch fermentations were higher when feeding on R2 (528, 562 and 2309 g/d, respectively) or with R3 (556, 589 and 2325 g/d, respectively) than feeding on R1 (527, 537 and 2181 g/d, respectively). The total microbial protein was 3245, 3400 and 3471 g/d when feeding on R1, R2 and R3, respectively.  The present study showed that, dry matter intake improved and rumen fermentation, but there were negative effects on the nutrients digestibility. Future, studies are needed to identify the reasons for the decreased nutrients digestibility.}, keywords = {lactating cows,seaweed,rice straw,digestion coefficients,fermentation}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83365.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83365_afb218b98ea7ff438db8ae86786227e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Ead, H. and Maklad, Eman and El-Shinnawy, M. and Hamza, Akila and Ibrahim, K.}, title = {EFFECTS OF SEAWEED SUPPLEMENTATION TO DAIRY FRIESIAN COWS, RATIONS ON: 2- MILK YIELD, BLOOD PARAMETERS AND FEED EFFICIENCY.}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {231-242}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83369}, abstract = {The effect of supplemented seaweed meal as from Ascophyllum nodosum (S) to concentrate feed mixture (CFM) fed together with rice straw (RS) on milk production and composition, some blood constituents, feed efficiency and economic efficiency of lactating Friesian cows was studded. Four lactating Friesian cows were used in a “Swing-over" design, with mean metabolic body size  (BW0.75 ) of 98 kg. All animals were in the 2nd  to 4th lactation season. The experimental rations were formulated as follows: R1: ration 1: 69.3 % (CFM) + 30.7% (RS), (as a control ration). R 2: ration 2:  68.3% CFM + 30.7 % (RS) + 1.0% (S). R 3: ration 3:  67.5 % CFM + 31.0 % (RS) + 1.5% (S). These proportions were chosen to achieve approximately iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations. The obtained results showed that there was no significant effect of experimental rations on total protein concentration of blood serum, protein concentrations were 7.22, 6.87 and 7.44 g / 100 ml for R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Albumin concentration was highest (P<0.05) with R2 and R3 than feeding on R1, while globulin concentration decreased (P<0.05) with supplemented S. Enzyme activity AST decreased (P<0.05) with R2 than R1 or R3, while ALT decreased (P<0.05) with feeding on R2 than R1. Cholesterol concentration was increased (P<0.05) with R2 than R1.     The urea-N concentration ranged from 18.73 to 26.80 mg/100 ml in the blood-serum, and its levels was significantly (P<0.05) increased when feeding on R2 or R3 than R1. The average glucose concentration ranged from 42.2 to 47.7mg/100 ml blood serum, and its level increased when feeding on R2 or R3 than R1, but without significant effect. The average daily fat corrected milk (FCM, 3.5%) yield was higher with feeding on R1 or R3 (17.36 and 19.15 kg/h/d, respectively) than feeding on R2 (16.55 kg/h/d), but without significant differences. Regarding the milk composition, the total solids (TS) was significantly increased (P<0.05) when feeding on R3 than feeding on R1 or R2. Lactose% significantly increased (P<0.05) when feeding on R3 than R1, while there was no significant effect with feeding on R1 and R2 or R2 and R3. The fat % was higher (P<0.05) when feeding on R1 than R2, but there was no significant effect between R1 and R3 or R2 and R3. The whey protein nitrogen (WPN) or whey protein (WP) concentrations increased (P<0.05) when feeding on R1or R3 than feeding on R2. The feed efficiency was better (P<0.05) with feeding on R3 than R1 and R2, but the economic efficiency was higher (P<0.05) with feeding on R1 than feeding on R2 or R3. So, the price of seaweed must be reduced if the product should have some economical value. }, keywords = {lactating cows,seaweed,rice straw,milk yield,Production Efficiency}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83369.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83369_b9a77549352909875f0ff2e68be4c872.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaafar, H. and El-Riedy, K. and Abdel-Raouf, E. and Bendary, M. and Ghanem, G.}, title = {EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BUFFALOES}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {243-252}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83371}, abstract = {Twenty eight lactating buffaloes in the 2nd to the 5th lactating season, weighing 500-600 kg were used after one week of calving in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of varying levels of protein and energy on nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield, feed conversion and economic efficiency. The low and high protein diets (12 and 16% CP) and low and high energy diets (60 and 65% total digestible nutrients, TDN) were used in four experimental diets include low protein–low energy (LP-LE), low protein–high energy (LP-HE), high protein–low energy (HP-LE) and high protein–high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the CP digestibility and digestible crude protein (DCP) values were increased (P<0.05) in high protein diet. While, the digestibility coefficients of either extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) and TDN values were increased (P<0.05), but crude fiber (CF) digestibility decreased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. The HP-HE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE and NFE and nutritive values and HP-LE diet had the highest CF digestibility (P<0.05). Dietary DCP intake increased (P<0.05) in high protein diet and the intake of DM and TDN increased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. The HP-HE diet showed (P<0.05) the highest intake of TDN and DCP. The yield of actual milk and 7% fat corrected milk (FCM) increased (P<0.05) in high protein and high energy diet (HP-HE). The contents of protein, SNF and TS in milk increased (P<0.05) in high protein diet. While, the contents of protein, lactose, SNF and ash in milk increased (P<0.05) and fat decreased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. The HP-HE diet revealed the highest milk protein, lactose, SNF and TS contents and HP-LE diet had the highest fat content (P<0.05). The amounts of DM and TDN per kg 7% FCM decreased (P<0.05), but the amount of DCP per kg 7% FCM increased (P<0.05) in high protein diet. While, the amounts of DM, TDN and DCP per kg 7% FCM decreased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. The HP-HE diet showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN per kg 7% FCM and LP-HE diet had the lowest amount of DCP per kg 7% FCM (P<0.05). Average daily feed cost and total revenue increased (P<0.05) in high protein diet. While, average daily feed cost and feed cost per kg 7% FCM decreased (P<0.05), but total revenue and economic efficiency increased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. The LP-HE diet recorded the lowest average daily feed cost, while HP-HE diet showed the lowest feed cost/kg 7% FCM and the highest total revenue and economic efficiency (P<0.05). Dietary protein level not affected postpartum reproductive performance of lactating buffaloes (P>0.05). However, the periods from parturition to first estrus and first service, service period, days open and number of services per conception decreased (P<0.05), but conception rate increased (P<0.05) in high energy diet. Moreover, buffaloes fed HP-HE diet showed the short periods from parturition to first estrus and first service, service period, days open, the lowest number of services per conception and the highest conception rate (P<0.05).}, keywords = {milk yield and composition,feed conversion,economic efficiency,reproductive traits}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83371.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83371_329bd23816d70937ed23c25755d8a4e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaafar, H. and El-Reidy, K. and Abdel-Raouf, E. and Bendary, M. and Ghanem, G.}, title = {PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BUFFALOES FED RATIONS CONTAINING SUGAR BEET TOPS AND CORN SILAGES}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {253-263}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83374}, abstract = {Sixteen multiparous lactating buffaloes in 2nd and 5th lactating season and weighing 500 to 600 kg were used after 8 weeks of calving in complete switch–back design with four groups. Buffaloes in the first group were fed the control ration (R1) containing  60 % concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 20 % rice straw (RS) + 20 % berseem hay (BH) on DM basis, while in the other groups buffaloes were fed rations consisted on DM basis of 40 % CFM + 20 % RS + 40 % sugar beet tops silage (SBTS) and corn silage (CS) in different ratios, 2:1 (R2), 1:1 (R3) and 1:2 (R4) on DM basis, respectively. Results showed that the contents of CP and ash increased with increasing the proportion of SBTS, but OM, CF and NFE contents increased with increasing the proportion of  CS in the rations. Digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, EE and NFE, TDN and feed intake as  DM and TDN increased (P<0.05) with increasing CS level, however, CP digestibility, DCP value and CP and DCP intake increased (P<0.05) with increasing SBTS level. The pH value and NH3-N concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing SBTS level of, however TVFA's concentration in rumen liquor (RL) increased (P<0.05) with increasing CS level. Buffaloes fed R3 recorded (P<0.05) the highest milk and 7% FCM yield, however, those fed R1 had the lowest yield. The percentages of fat, lactose and total solids (TS) in milk increased (P<0.05) with increasing CS level, however, the percentages of protein, solids not fat (SNF) and ash increased (P<0.05) with increasing SBTS level. Animals fed R3 showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN  required per kg 7% FCM while R4 showed the lowest amounts of CP and DCP required per kg 7% FCM. however, those fed R1 revealed the highest amounts (P<0.05). Buffaloes fed R3 showed the lowest feed cost/kg 7% FCM and the highest price of 7% FCM and economic efficiency, but those fed R1 had on opposite trend (P<0.05). }, keywords = {digestibility,rumen activity,milk yield,milk composition,economic efficiency}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83374.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83374_1cbf612883c8c1a3c8545464d83912b4.pdf} } @article { author = {Hafez, Y. and Zeid, A. and Youssef, Hafsa and Sallam, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF YEAST CULTURE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF DAMASCUS KIDS}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {265-275}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83376}, abstract = {Twenty eight Damascus kids weighed 16.5 ±0.219 kg on average were used in feeding trial for 135 days. Animals were divided into four similar groups (7 head each) to study the effect of feeding supplemented rations with yeast culture to growing kids on its performance and carcass characteristics. Four experimental animal groups received four experimental rations as follows: Treatment-1 (T1): 2% of LBW concentrate feed mixture + 0.5 % of LBW berseem hay along wheat straw ad-lib. (control ration) Treatment-2 (T2): control ration + 5gm Moreyeast (Y) /head/day Treatment-3 (T3): control ration + 1gm yeast with selenium (YS)/head/day Treatment-4 (T4): control ration + 2.5gm (Y) + 0.5 gm (YS)/head/day The results obtained can be summarized as follow: 1- Using yeast culture as feed additive was not affected on different nutrient contents in experimental rations, however total DM intake was increased  with supplemented rations with yeast than that in control one. 2- Animals fed tested rations (containing yeast culture) appeared to higher in total and daily gains especially with (T3) which get the best daily gain by about 33.67% as compared to control group. 3- Animals fed (T3) containing 1gm YS/head/day recorded the most economical efficiency 3.27 and 2.19 according to year 2009 and 2011, respectively. This group had the lowest feed cost to get one kg gain, being 7.65 and 13.68 LE for the respective time compared with the other groups. 4- Animals fed T3 and T4 tended to be higher in serum glucose level compared with animals fed T2 and T1 (control group). 5- Using YS (T3) lead to be increase in dressing percentage and then edible offals such as heart, spleen, defatted kidney and tests. Moreover, increase in meat percentage was recorded than other treatment and control. Generally, using yeast culture as feed additives in feeding of growing kids tended to be higher in total and daily gains with lower feed cost to get one kg gain. Moreover, yeast plus selenium supplementation to rations of growing kids tended to higher in both hot carcass and dressing percentage. }, keywords = {Damascus kids,Growth,yeast culture,carcass}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83376.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83376_60bd565f50560ce1d0821f71628a513c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhamid, A.}, title = {INTENSIVE REARING OF MONO-SEX NILE TILAPIA AND SILVER CARP UNDER MONO-OR POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS AT DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES IN FLOATING NET CAGES}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, pages = {277-289}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2011.83379}, abstract = {The experiment of this study was carried out for 6 months on rearing Nile tilapia and silver carp, whether under monoculture or polyculture at different stocking densities. Four floating net cages (10 x 10 x 3 m) were used. The obtained results revealed that the best treatment was the monoculture of all males mono-sex  Nile tilapia (10000 fish of 10-g each/cage) followed by that of polyculture (5000 tilapia of 10-g plus 750 carp of 70-g/cage) concerning their superiority in final bodyweight (235 and 545-g/fish), bodyweight gain (225 and 475-g/fish), average daily bodyweight gain (1.21 and 2.55-g), specific growth rate (SGR, 1.70 and 1.01 %/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR, 2.41 and 2.45), feed cost/Kg bodyweight gain (7.78 and 5.89 L.E.), and economic efficiency (144.5 and 77.9%, respectively). Moreover, the monoculture of all males mono-sex  Nile tilapia was also the best treatment in return (18855 L.E./cage) followed by the polyculture treatment (7500 tilapia of 10-g with 1100 carp of 70-g/cage) which gave return of 10868 L.E./cage.                                                                                                                                }, keywords = {cages,Nile tilapia,Silver carp,Stocking rates,performance,productivity}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83379.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_83379_b67590e7c74504a067f252e242497383.pdf} }