@article { author = {Abdelhamid, A. and Salem, M. and Rashed, Kh.}, title = {Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Sieving Wastes of the Egyptian Clover Seeds Instead of Soybean Meal for Tilapia}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {445-451}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41159}, abstract = {An indoor feeding experiment for 57 days was conducted on Nile tilapia to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of graded levels (0, 50, 75, and 100%) of sieving wastes meal of Egyptian clover seeds instead of soybean meal based on crude protein content. A total of 8 glass aquaria (each of 70 × 35 × 40 cm, filled with 65 L dechlorinated tap water, and stocked with 12 fingerlings 17.3 g as average initial body weight and 9.5cm as average total length) were used. The obtained results recommended the best replacement level of 50% which significantly realized the best feed composition, highest feed consumption, final body weight, and best body composition of Nile tilapia, to be reflected in many benefits for both the producers and the consumers.}, keywords = {Clover seeds,sieving wastes,tilapia performance}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41159.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41159_72cc4650bfa9818ffed41f0e6b3376e9.pdf} } @article { author = {Mehrez, A. and Gabr, A. and El-Ayek, M. and Gad, Alaa}, title = {Effect of Partial Substitution of a Commercial Feed Crude Protein by Hydroponic Barley Fodder in Diets of Apri rabbits on: 1- Digestibility, Feeding Value, some Blood Constituents and Caecum Microflora Count}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {453-458}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41160}, abstract = {Fourty growing APRI male rabbits at the age of 5 weeks old were used to investigate the impact of partial replacement of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) CP by different levels of hydroponic barley (HB) on rabbits performance, digestibility, feeding value, some blood constituents and caecum microbial count. The changes in chemical composition of HB during 6, 7 and 8 days of growth period was also studied. Rabbits were randomly divided into four experimental groups (10 rabbits in each) and were housed in individual cages provided with continuous feeders and automatic water nipples during the experimental period (5 – 12 week of age). The first group was fed pelleted CFM diet with 16% CP (control, D1), while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were fed the control diet but 20, 40 and 60% of CP was replaced by HB (D2, D3 and D4, respectively) in a feeding trial which lasted for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, four digestibility trials were carried out on three rabbits of each treatment. Animals were fed the same tested diet as that in feeding trial. Three rabbits of each treatment were slaughtered at the end of digestibility trials. The main results generally showed that there was a tendency for gradual decreases in DM and NFE content, but increases in Ash, EE, CP and CF content by advancing age of sprouting. Rabbits fed D2 recorded the highest significantly (P < 0.05) values of digestion coefficients of CP and CF, while the lowest significantly (P < 0.05) values were recorded with rabbits fed D4 diet. There were positive significant (P<0.05) effect of feeding HB at levels of 20 and 40 % on concentrations of blood total protein, albumin and glucose. Rabbits fed HB diets (D2, D3 and D4) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher total viable count of bacteria in caecum compared with those fed the control diet without HB (D1). It may be concluded that replacing of HB at the rate of 20 or 40 % of CFM protein in growing rabbit diets had beneficial effects on most criteria studied. Higher level (60% of HB) used herein in rabbit diets is not recommended since it negatively affected nutrients digestibility and feeding values of tested diets.}, keywords = {Rabbits,Hydroponic barley,digestibility,nutritive value,blood constitues}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41160.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41160_792d276124dcec4a03e98fd7cda1cb3c.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahim, S.}, title = {Genetic and Non Genetic Factors Affecting the Breeding Efficiency in Friesian Cows in Egypt}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {459-461}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41161}, abstract = {Friesian cows were estimated from 2793 lactation records for 874 cows sired by 55 bulls covered 25 years (1990-2016) in two herds (Sakha and El-Karada farms) belongs to the Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. Data were analyzed by using linear model to determine the main and non-genetic effects. Animal model MTDFREML to determine genetic parameters. Breeding efficiency was estimated by two methods Wilcox and Tomar. The overall means for breeding efficiency by Wilcox and Tomar methods were obtained as 53.09 ± 0.97 and 95.92 ± 0.56, respectively. The coefficients of variation were obtained as 80.38 and 30.72 percent, respectively. Least-squares analysis for examined non-genetic effects of calving month, farm and parity were highly significant except effect year of calving was non-significant of breeding efficiency by Wilcox method. However, the effect year of calving and parity were highly significant except both of month and farm were non-significant of breeding efficiency by Tomar .  Whereas, the results showed effect of age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI), Total milk yield (TMY) and Life time milk yield (LTMY) were highly significant on breeding efficiency by Wilcox. The contrast, were non-significant on breeding efficiency by Tomar . Heritabilities estimates for AFC, CI, TMY and LTMY, Wilcox and Tomar were 0.13, 0.17, 0.25, 0.46, 0,37 and 0,37, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of breeding efficiency with AFC, CI, TMY and LTMY were negative and low, where it reached from -0.39 to -0.03 except, AFC and CI with Wilcox it reached 0.09 and 0.19. The genetic correlations with the same traits reached from -0.30 to -0.06 except CI with both of Wilcox and Tomar.}, keywords = {Non,Genetic,breeding efficiency,Wilcox – Tomar- Friesian – Egypt}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41161.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41161_dba2989485ecea99ad1575745c765814.pdf} } @article { author = {Nagy, W. and Gabr, Sh. and Zaghloul, H. and Salem, M. and El-fakhry, S.}, title = {Effect of Reproductive Status on Yield and in Vitro Maturation of Oocytes of Egyptian Sheep}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {463-470}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41162}, abstract = {The current study investigated the effect of breeding season and presence of corpora lutea (CLs) on the ovaries with, ovarian characteristics, and yield, quality and oocyte recovery rate in sheep. Also, the effect of addition of sheep serum (SS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to maturation medium of sheep oocytes during breeding and non-breeding season was studied. Ovaries were collected during breeding and non-breeding seasons from slaughterhouses. Ovaries were classified with or without CLs during both seasons. Oocytes were collected by slicing and their yield, category and recovery rate were determined. Only compact oocytes (COCs) were in vitro matured as affected by breeding vs. non-breeding season and addition of 10% SS vs. BSA. Results show that only ovarian weight was higher (P<0.05) in breeding than in non-breeding season and with CL-ovaries than without CLs.  Ovaries were longer and thicker in breed in than in non-breeding season. CL-ovaries during breeding season showed the highest ovarian characteristics. Number of all visible follicles/ovary tended to be higher (P<0.05) in breeding than in non-breeding season and of ovaries with than without CLs (P≥0.05). Oocyte yield/ovary was greater (P<0.05) by 41.7% in breeding than in non-breeding season. Oocyte yield was insignificantly greater on ovaries with CLs than those without CLs. Oocyte recovery rate was insignificantly higher in breeding and on ovaries with CLs than in non-breeding season and on those without CLs. Number/ovary and percentage of COCs were higher, while number/ovary were lower in breeding than in non-breeding season (P<0.05). Number and percentage of all categories were higher for oocytes recovered from ovaries with than without CLs. Percentage of oocytes at M-I stage was slightly higher in non-breeding than in breeding season. Percentage of oocytes at M-II showed an opposite trend, reflecting insignificantly higher maturation rate in breeding than in non-breeding season. Percentage of oocytes at M-I and M-II stages was insignificantly higher in BSA than in SS-medium. Oocyte maturation rate with SS than with BSA in breeding and non-breeding season. In conclusion, sheep oocytes were available to be harvested during non-breeding season from slaughtered ewes with acceptable yield, quality and the maturation rate in vitro by addition sheep serum (10%) to maturation medium.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41162.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41162_acaca8009cec7de3a33da1cc72c1b847.pdf} } @article { author = {Nofal, M. and Samak, H. and Alderey, A. and Nasr, A.}, title = {Effect of Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation to Diets of Low Levels of Energy and Methionine of Developed Laying Hens in Summer Season on Performance, Physiological Status and Immune Response}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {471-480}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41163}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of folic acid (FA) supplementation on productive and physiological performance and immune response of laying hens fed diets varying in methionine (M) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels. A total number of two hundred and sixteen of Silver Montazah laying hens (28 weeks old), were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups (18 hens / each). All birds were housed in individual cages. The experimental design was conducted in 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, 2 levels of ME (2800 and 2600 Kcal/Kg diet), two levels of DL-methionine (0.40% and 0.30%) and three levels of folic acid (0.0, 10, and 20 mg /kg feed). The results can be summarized as follows:- Increasing ME significantly increased final body weight (P≤0.01), shell thickness (P≤0.01), plasma total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, egg folate content and hatchability of total fertile eggs while, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were decreased. - Methionine at a level of 0.40% in the diet increased significantly egg number, albumin%, plasma total protein, globulin and HDL. On the other hand daily feed intake, FCR, shell%, egg shape index% and egg specific gravity were significantly decreased.- Significant increases were observed in egg number, shell thickness, plasma total protein, globulin and egg folate content due to increasing FA supplementation in the diet while, Haugh units, plasma albumin and plasma folate recorded significantly their lowest values.- Feeding hens diet with ME of 2800 kcal/kg and a level of 0.40% M without FA supplementation significantly increased albumen % and plasma triglycerides. In this respect, FA supplementation at a level of 10 mg/kg diet significantly increased plasma HDL. On the other side, FA supplementation at a level of 20 mg/kg diet significantly increased body weight change, daily egg mass, shell thickness, plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and significantly improved hatchability of fertile eggs. In addition, antibody titre against NDV recorded the highest value with insignificant difference as compared to other treatments.- Hens fed diet with 2600 kcal/kg ME and a level of 0.30% M without FA supplementation laid eggs with the highest mean of specific gravity while increasing FA to 10 mg/kg decreased plasma HDL. Increasing the supplementation level of FA in the diet significantly increased daily feed intake while, plasma triglycerides was significantly decreased.- A significant increase was observed in Haugh units attributed to feeding hens diet of ME at level of 2600 kcal/kg and 0.40% M without FA supplementation.}, keywords = {Folic acid,methionine,Metabolizable energy,laying hens}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41163.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41163_ea46e3d352f9a2636b002f02c9e1ffc3.pdf} } @article { author = {Alderey, A. and Samak, H.}, title = {Nutritional Requirements for Gimmizah Males from 2-Calcium}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {481-487}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41164}, abstract = {This work aimed to estimate the nutritional requirement of calcium under two housing systems for Gimmizah cockerels and its effects on productive, reproductive and physiological performance traits. Seventy two cockerels, 26 weeks age, similar in their weights were divided into two groups, the 1st group was housed in individual cages, while, males in the 2nd group were kept on litter floor. Birds of each group were distributed randomly to three subgroups based on dietary calcium levels (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7%). All birds were kept under the same managerial conditions. - Caged males had significantly heavier final body weight than that of cockerels kept on litter floor. Feed intake of cockerels kept on litter floors was significantly higher than those kept in cages. Daily Ca intake of Gimmizah cockerels increased significantly (P≤0.01) with increasing calcium level in the diet. Cockerels reared in cages produced significantly higher ejaculate volume and abnormal sperm percentage than those reared in floor pens. The highest value of ejaculate volume was achieved due to feeding the cockerels on diet with 0.7% Ca. The highest sperm motility was obtained when cockerels were housed on floor and fed on the diet  with 0.5% Ca.Plasma albumin level decreased (P≤0.05) while, plasma globulin level increased (P≤0.01) with increasing dietary Ca level. Feeding cockerels a diet with 0.3% calcium resulted in significant increase in plasma total testosterone compared with those fed diets containing 0.5 or 0.7% Ca. Rearing cockerels on litter floors led to significant increase in plasma level of inorganic phosphorous and lower activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase (P≤ 0.05) compared with those of cockerels kept in cages. Feeding cockerels diet with 0.3% Ca increased total calcium absorption when it was measured as mg/g dry matter compared with those fed diets of 0.5 or 0.7% Ca. -Seminal plasma activity of LDH was significantly higher for cockerels fed diet with 0.3% calcium than those fed 0.5 or 0.7% Ca. Males fed the diet containing 0.5% Ca had higher activity of AST but lower activity of ALT compared with those fed 0.3 or 0.7% Ca diets. -Seminal plasma level of total testosterone was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in cockerels reared on litter floors than that of males kept in cages.- Interaction between dietary calcium level and housing system had significant effect on all seminal plasma parameters.}, keywords = {Gimmizah cockerels,calcium,semen quality,Seminal plasma}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41164.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41164_e5596bdc6e6e10f03bc00ce2da3e4525.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Reham}, title = {Physiological and Antioxidant Responses of Japanese Quail to Dietary Copper Supplementation}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {489-495}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41165}, abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of dietary copper supplementation on performance, physiological, hematological and antioxidant responses of day-old unsexed Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). In each experiment, a total number of 250 quails were summited to five experimental treatments (50 chicks in five replicates each. The first one (control) was fed the basal diet while the other groups were fed the same diet supplemented with copper as cupric sulfate pentahydrate at levels of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg diet. In experiment 1 (Exp.1), chicks were fed the Cu-supplemented diets until 6 weeks of age whereas the supplementation period in experiment 2 (Exp.2) was for the first five weeks of age followed by a final period of one week during which birds fed the control basal diet. Results demonstrated that supplementation of copper sulfate to diets either or 6 (Exp. 1) or 5 weeks (Exp. 2) had significantly improved live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and low mortality rate of quail chicks. Hematological indices in terms of RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, WBCs count and H /L ratio were significantly improves in quails fed Cu-supplemented diets up to 100 mg/Kg in Exp.1 and up to 150 mg/Kg in Exp. 2.  Birds fed Cu – supplemented diets for six weeks (Exp. 1) up to 100mg/Kg had significantly higher plasma total protein, globulin, Immunoglobulins (Y , M , A) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) but lower plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein (LDL) than the control ones. A similar trend was recorded for Exp. 2 quails, but plasma protein fractions were not significantly affected. In both experiments, blood reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly increased with Cu-supplemented diets, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control. The obtained results indicate that dietary supplementation with cupric sulfate pentahydrate at levels up to 100 mg/kg could improve growth performance, antioxidant defense system,   immunity and lower cholesterol content of growing Japanese quail.}, keywords = {copper,performance,physiological response,Antioxidant system,Quail}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41165.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41165_679d32f6df32777ea960798136a19d02.pdf} } @article { author = {Behery, H. and El-Emam, G. and Khalifa, E. and Aboul-Omran, M. and Desoky, A.}, title = {The Role of Oils Addition to Diets and its Effect on Ration Consumption and Production Profomance Recovery of Dairy Goats}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {497-505}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41166}, abstract = {Fifteen Zaraibi nanny goats were divided into three groups (N=5/group) and randomly assigned to three experimental diets: (1) control diet group free of oil (G1) fed concentrate fed mixture (CFM) + berseem hay (BH), (2) trial diet group (G2) received CFM+ BH+ linseed oil and (3) trial diet group (G3) fed CFM+BH+ sunflower oil (oil bottles are not suitable for marketing).  All goats in G2 and G3 group received oils at the rate of 3% of dry matter intake. The study included evaluation of rations' consumption from flushing to mating, from trimester to parturition, during suckling and lactation months. Also, productive performance recovery included changing body weight of maternal, offspring number, litter size, average birth body weight of kids (at four days post-received colostrum), suckling milk amount, body weight of weaning kids, trading milk, blood metabolites and economic efficiency. The results indicated that oils addition in G2 and G3 reduced feedstuffs consumption from flushing up to parturition, during suckling and lactation months compared to goats in G1 group. Subsequently, the total consumption of rations for G1, G2 and G3 were 1200, 1191, and 1189 g / h /d from flushing to mating; 1390, 1380, and 1380 g / h /d during trimester to parturition; 1497, 1427 and 1427 g / h /d during suckling and 1223, 1210 and 1202 g / h /d during milking months, respectively. Consequently, the productive performance recovery such as changing body weight of maternal in G1, G2 and G3 groups from flushing (36.80, 36.78 and 36.44 kg) to parturition (37.48, 38.00 and 38.12 kg), offspring numbers was 8, 10 and 11 kids, litter size recorded 2.00, 2.50 and 2.20% and average body weight of birth kids reached to 2.90, 3.60 and 4.70 kg, respectively. Furthermore, the nanny goats in diet of G1 showed a lower (P < 0.05) suckling milk amount (1.79, 2.05, 1.92, 1.43 and 1.25kg /h) than nanny goats in G2 (2.75, 2.70, 2.65, 2.03 and 1.55 kg/h) and G3 (2.88, 3.05, 2.70, 2.20 and 1.58 kg/h) through evaluation period at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-partum, respectively. In addition, body weight of kids at weaning recorded significant (P<0.05) differences among G1, G2 and G3, being 9.40, 11.10 and 11.90 kg, respectively. When, G2 and G3 groups received oils they could show the highest (P<0.05) yield of milk (363 and 389 kg) than goats in G1 (262 kg) during lactating months, respectively. But, no variation (P > 0.05) was observed in blood parameters among G1, G2 and G3, except glucose (62.35, 68.88 and 69.86 mg/dl) and calcium (9.01, 10.11 and 10.45 mg/dl). The economic efficiency indicated the best estimate in G3 (72.53%) followed by G2 (65.98%) and the less within G1 (55.55%). The results showed that the addition of linseed and sunflower oils to goats' rations could lead to a lower consumption of diet during critical periods (from flushing to parturition) of production. In addition, it has been found a better production performance recovery and economic efficiency than those fed feedstuffs alone.}, keywords = {dairy goats,energy,stages of production,linseed oil,sunflower oil}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41166.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41166_b4fb40fecb5c10eb2290ffb01ef86aa4.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Emam, G. and Behery, H. and Saba, Fatma and Desoky, A. and Al-Mwafy, A. and Khalifa, E.}, title = {Growth Measurments of Male Goat Kids Nourished on Unconventional Rice Straws Ensiled by Corn Steep Liquor and Conventional Rice Straws Ensiled by Urea}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {507-513}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41167}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary types of rice straws ensilaged by corn steep liquor (CSL) or by urea. Fifteen weaning healthy Zaraibi male goats at 120 days of age and weighing 13.65±0.14 kg were randomly assigned to three trial (T) groups. T1 was received basal ration contained 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 15% berseem hay (BH) +25% dry rice straws (RS). T2 was fed 60% CFM+15% BH+25% RS ensilaged by CSL. T3 was fed 60% CFM+15% BH+25% RS ensilaged by urea. Thus, T1, T2 and T3 were adjusted isocaloric and isonitrogenic and offered up to 150 days as experimental period.  The daily dry matter intake (DMI) was determined; by weighed all animals at the beginning and every 15 days during experimental period. Then, growth rate, economic returns, sexual development, digestibility trial and blood metabolites of male goat kids were investigated. Results indicated that ensilage treatment of dry rice straws with CSL or urea has been commonly used for improving (P<0.05) body weight changes and average daily gain, average DMI and water consumption, efficiency of feed utilization, net economic benefit and digestibility coefficient. Also, kids located in T1 group was delayed in sexual development; while, kids in T2 and T3 were surpassed and had lower (P<0.05) days of puberty, higher body weight and greater testicular parameters during sexual development. In addition, T1, T2 and T3 diets could be caused stabilization in blood measurements and insignificant values among trial groups. Hence, results indicated that dry rice straws ensiled by CSL was reasonable roughage in promoting feed intakes, animal performance, feed efficiency and economic returns in livestock, which should be considered by local herdsmen to increase their breeding profit.}, keywords = {corn steep liquor,urea,rice straws,Ensilage,Growth,sexual development,goat kids}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41167.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41167_b59796c68e8e15528e552976bef10ab2.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Elnabi, Heba and Abdel-Baky, A. M. and Hassanen, G.}, title = {Impact of Total Ammonia on Growth, Physiological Status and Histological Examination of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)}, journal = {Journal of Animal and Poultry Production}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {515-524}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3642}, eissn = {2090-3723}, doi = {10.21608/jappmu.2018.41168}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total ammonia (TAN) on growth, survivability, some blood biochemistry and histological evaluation of the kidney, liver, skin and muscles of red tilapia fingerlings for 56 days. A total of 180 fish were held at a rate of 10 fish fiberglass-1 tank with capacity of 100 liters welled water (salinity 27.3 ppt). Treatments of 0.1, 0.9, 1.8, 2.9 and 3.5 mgL-1 of TAN were carried out in this study. Fish fed pellets containing 34.7% crude protein. The results showed that fish exposed to 3.5 mg TAN L-1 recorded the lowest final body weight and survival rate, these results inversely related with increasing TAN levels. Fish subjected to treatment of 3.5 mg TAN L-1 achieved the highest values of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine. The histological investigation of kidney, liver and skin of fish exposed to 3.5 mg TAN L-1 showed severe damages in renal tubules, large amount of hemorrhage between renal tubules, vacuolation in hepatic cytoplasm, hepatic congestion, hepatic necrosis, laceration of skin, inflammation in muscle fibers and splitting of large muscle fibers. Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended that increased levels of ammonia should be avoided and eliminating the causes in aquaculture ponds in order to obtain the highest production performance and increase survival rates and maintain fish health and vitality.}, keywords = {ammonia,Red Tilapia,kidney,Liver,Muscles,physiological changes}, url = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41168.html}, eprint = {https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41168_2a56e27f55c79a5fb830a1398e4d7d8d.pdf} }