ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPACT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS ON SHEEP PERFORMANCE UNDER SEMI ARID CONDITIONS
The current study was carried out at Maryout research station, Desert Research Center, Egypt. This experiment aimed at investigating substitution by 20% or 40% of concentrate feed mixture in Barki sheep rations by mixture (1:1) of date seeds and olive pulp that treated by 4% lime solution and incubated for 4 weeks to study their effects on growth performance, blood constituents and wool characteristics. Thirty Barki male lambs (5 months age) with average live body weight of 27.98±1.97 kg were assigned into three similar groups to be fed randomly on the experimental rations. The tested rations were, clover hay 30% plus CFM 70% (control, C), replace 20% (T1) and 40% (T2) of CFM in control ration by the same part of mixture of treated date seeds and olive pulp.
Blood serum was analyzed to determine total protein (TP), albumin, Globulin Glucose, total lipids (TL) and urea. The serum electrolytes in terms of, Sodium (Na), potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) concentrations were analyzed. Wool samples from 10 cm2 patch of mid-side position were taken from each animal. Ten staples were taken randomly from each wool sample to measure staple length. Five hundred fibers from each sample were used to calculate the average fiber diameter and its standard deviation as well as medullated fiber percentage.
Results indicated that, the best feed conversion were recorded for the control group followed by Treatment 1 (T1) group and then Treatment 2 (T2) group. There was a linear decrease in the average daily gain with increasing the percentage of concentrate mixture substitution by the mixture of treated date seeds and olive pulp. Sampling time for all the experimental rations except T1 have significant (P<0.05) effect on blood glucose concentrations. The experimental rations have no significant effect on blood serum total protein concentration. However, sampling time showed significant (P<0.05) effect only for lamb group fed on ration T2. The experimental rations have no significant effect on blood urea concentration. Results showed that staple strength was higher significantly (P<0.05) in control group (21.54 N/Ktex) than T2 group (18.74 N/Ktex). The same trend was found for point of break compared to the other two groups (45.42, 34.41, and 33.16%), respectively.
In conclusion, 20 or 40% of CFM could be replaced by a mixture of lime treated date seeds and olive pulp (1:1) in Barki lambs rations with slight improve for some wool characteristics and without adverse effect on some blood parameters.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82792_8329191a17459d7977d80d81439f9ffd.pdf
2012-06-01
253
265
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82792
sheep
agro-industrial
biochemical metabolites
blood electrolytes
coat characteristics
F.
Younis
1
Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
K.
Kewan
2
Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
W.
Ramadan
3
Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON BERSEEM SILAGE QUALITY, NUTRITIVE VALUES, RUMEN FERMENTATION AND BLOOD METABOLITES OF RAMS
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of wilting, chopping and formic acid treatment on berseem silage quality besides determination of digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of rams fed tested rations. Berseem forage (at 3rd cut) was manually chopped at 2-3 cm of length and wilted for 0, 24 or 48 hr and thereafter ensiled with or without formic acid (0.5%) treatment in plastic barrels. At the same time, another quantity of un-chopped berseem forage was wilted for 24 hr and ensiled with or without formic acid treatment. Digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate the utilization of berseem silages using mature Ossimi rams. The results showed that DM of berseem silage increased by wilting to around 20% and 30% for 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. The wilted silage for 24 hr and treated with formic acid (S4) had the lowest value of pH (being 3.87), the highest level of lactic acid (3.15%) the lowest level of acetic (1.57%) and butyric acids (0.0%) with Flieg's score 90. The lowest level of lactate and Flieg's score of quality, whilst the highest pH value was obtained in un-chopped berseem silage either treated or untreated with formic acid. Likewise, the highest count of lactobacilli, the lowest mold and clostridia were found in S4, which were positive correlated with fermentation parameters. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and CF was higher (P<0.01) in un-wilted than wilted silages, as well as, nutritive values had a similar trend. The intake of TDN, DCP and ME was higher (P<0.05) in wilted silage rations than un-wilted. Formic acid treatment improved (P<0.05) digestibility of most nutrients, whilst nutritive values did not differ significantly. The nutrients digestibility of un-chopped silage was lower than chopped silage except for CF and its fractions. The quality index (QI) value was (P<0.05) improved by wilting of silage. The lowest value of QI was found in un-chopped and un-wilted silages. Rumen liquor parameters were not significantly affected by wilting or formic acid treatment, except for NH3-N and TVFA's which were higher in wilted than un-wilted silage. The highest (P<0.01) value of NH3-N and TVFA's was showed in wilted for 24 hr and treated silage. The pH, eNDF and NH3-N values were higher in un-chopped than chopped silage ration. Blood hemoglobin and hematocrite values, as well as plasma total protein and glucose (P<0.01) increased in wilted silage groups than un-wilted. Whereas, formic acid did not affect blood parameters. It could be concluded that, the lowest quality and digestibility was obtained with un-chopped silage either with or without formic acid treatment. Chopping and wilting berseem forage for 24 hr (about 20% DM) as pre-ensiled treatments with formic acid sprinkle produced the best quality silage and higher digestibility without any side effect on health of rams during the experimental period, which could be resulted in improvement growth performance of the animal.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82793_5f6444f458d66a73b9c054c77aa2c9d6.pdf
2012-06-01
267
288
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82793
berseem
silage
wilting
chopping
formic acid
digestibility
fermentation
rams
M.
Abd El-Hady
magid_70@hotmail.com
1
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Gabr
2
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
El-Ayouty
3
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Shahin
4
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD METABOLITES AND CARCASS TRAITS OF GROWING LAMBS RAISED ON BERSEEM SILAGE RATION
This study was conducted to determine growth performance, feed efficiency, feed utilization, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of growing lambs raised on berseem silage treated with formic acid and concentrate feed mixture (CFM) ration. Berseem clover was chopped at 2-3 cm of length and wilted for 24 hr then ensiled with 0.5% formic acid treatment (BSF). After 60 days from ensiling process, fermentation characteristics of ensiled berseem were immediately examined. Twelve growing crossbreed lambs were randomly assigned to two groups. First group (6 lambs; 23.0±1.68 kg) was raised on starter concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus berseem hay as a control ration. The second group (6 lambs; 22.5±1.68 kg) was raised on CFM plus BSF. Growth trial was continued for 6 months. Daily weight gain (DWG), relative growth rate (RGR), voluntary feed intake, feed conversion, economic efficiency, blood parameters were examined. Digestibility trials were conducted in the last month of the experiment to determine the utilization and feeding value of tested rations. At the end of experiment, three lambs of each group were slaughtered to determine carcass traits and anatomy of digestive tract. The main results proposed that lambs raised on BSF plus CFM had higher total gain, DWG and RGR (P<0.01) than that in control group especially in last two months. Feed conversion (kg DMI/kg gain) was better in lambs fed BSF ration than control (8.56 vs. 12.46 kg). The most profit and economic efficiency (1.38 LE and 97.5%, respectively) were in BSF group. The most of nutrient digestibility, nutritive value and quality index were higher (P<0.05) in BSF ration compared with control ration. Rumen parameters values were higher (P<0.05) in animals fed BSF rationcompared with control ration. Plasma glucose concentration did not differ significantly between two groups, but differed significantly (P<0.01) with the advancement of age. Whereas, total protein and globulin were (P<0.05) significantly lower in lambs fed BSF ration than those fed control ration. The activity of AST and ALT was (P<0.05) greater in control group than those in BSF group. Hot carcass, longissimus dorsi weight and yield grade value were greater (P<0.05) in BSF than control. Most of anatomy traits of digestive tract did not differ significantly between two groups. It could be concluded that growing lambs raised on wilted BSF plus CFM had the highest growth performance, feed conversion, economic efficiency, quality index, feed utilization, normal health status and better carcass traits compared with traditional rising system based on berseem hay plus CFM ration.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82794_0c2680dfaa3e91b41f8ed0bb1ce618ce.pdf
2012-06-01
289
303
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82794
Growth performance
Blood
carcass
lambs
Berseem silage
A.
Gabr
1
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Abd El-Hady
magid_70@hotmail.com
2
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
El-Ayouty
3
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Shahin
4
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF HYDROYEAST AQUACULTURE® AS GROWTH PROMOTER FOR ADULT NILE TILAPIA Oreochromis niloticus
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of graded levels of a new commercial probiotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture® (0, 5, 10 and 15 g/Kg diet) on both sexes of adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, referred to treatments No. T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, for males and T5, T6, T7 and T8 treatments for females, on their growth performance, feed and nutrients utilization and carcass composition for 8 weeks. The obtained results showed that tested probiotic at level of 15 g /kg diet (T4) and 10 g /kg diet (T7) for adult males and females O. niloticus respectively, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhancing fish growth, feed intake and nutrients utilization, as well as realized slight improving of fish carcass composition. Hence, it could be concluded that Hydroyeast Aquaculture® probiotic is useful at levels of 15 g /kg diet (T4) and 10 g /kg diet (T7) for enhancing production performance of adult males and females Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) respectively, so may be using of this probiotic led to economic efficiency especially, for fish farming and hatcheries.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82795_6e1fe7a5e4449c88d3aef4fbdacb0c51.pdf
2012-06-01
305
317
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82795
Nile tilapia
probiotic - adult - growth performance
F.
Khalil
1
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mehrim
2
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
Montaha
Hassan
3
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POSIBILITY OF USING MEDICINAL PLANTS IN FISH DIETS: III- CRESSON SEEDS
To study the effect of dietary inclusion of graded levels (0, 1 and 2 %) of Cresson seed meal on Nile tilapia fry performance, a feeding experiment in plastic tanks was conducted in a wet lab. for 16 weeks. The obtained results revealed improving effect of this feed additive (Cresson seed meal, particularly at 1 %) on fish relative growth rate, its feed utilization (feed protein intake, protein productive value, protein efficiency ratio, energy retention). Also, fish carcass ether extract and energy content had increased by this treatment; so, it could be recommend the dietary inclusion of 1 % Cresson seed meal to improve Nile tilapia growth and feed utilization.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82796_a3e3de55ba93edf61c2e782441311be6.pdf
2012-06-01
319
327
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82796
tilapia
performance
composition
Cresson
A.
Abdelhamid
1
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Soliman
2
. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POSIBILITY OF USING MEDICINAL PLANTS IN FISH DIETS: IV- CAMPHOR DRIED LEAVES
In an indoor feeding trial for 16 weeks in plastic tanks on Nile tilapia fish fry, dietary graded levels (0, 1, and 2 %) of camphor tree leaves meal were tested for their effects on the fish performance. It was concluded that dietary inclusion of camphor tree leaves meal (particularly at 2 %) had improved significantly fish performance concerning final fish weight, weight gains (total and daily), relative growth rate, feed utilization parameters (feed and protein intakes, feed conversion, protein productive value, protein efficiency ratio, energy retention), carcass composition (protein, ether extract, energy). So, it could recommend the addition of 2 % camphor tree leaves meal to Nile tilapia fish diets, but it may need more research on the effect of such feed additive on the organoleptic test of the fish meat.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82797_4795a82524b39272ade539e31648e376.pdf
2012-06-01
329
338
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82797
tilapia
performance
composition
camphor leaves
A.
Abdelhamid
1
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Soliman
2
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt.
AUTHOR