ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Diets Contaning Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Vines Hay on Milk Yield, its Composition and Yoghurt Quality for Dairy Goats.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion green bean vines hay (GBVH) in replacing with clover hay (CH) in diets of Damascus goat does on nutrients digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, some blood parameters and yoghurt quality. Twenty-five lactating Damascus goat does with an average live body weight of 42.8±1.5kg at the 3rd and 4th parities were divided randomly into five similar groups (5 each) where each group received one of 5 experimental rations. The first group was received concentration feed mixture (CFM) and (CH)(50:50%) as control ration (R0). Meanwhile, the tested rations R1 , R2 , R3 and R4 were received rations containing 25, 50, 75 and 100% GBVH in replacing CH in control ration, respectively. Results revealed that the chemical composition of both CH and GBVH is nearly similar respecting, CP and CF%. No significant differences between control ration (R0) and tested rations (R1, R2 and R3) in digestion coefficients of (DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE%) as well as the feeding values (TDN and DCP). Inversely the tested rations of the highest level of GBVH (R4) almost had the lowest values of nutrients digestibility and TDN. While DCP values did not significant affected by the dietary treatments being the highest value was recognized with R3. Actual milk and 4%- FCM yields were significant higher with the 75% GBVH ration (R3) and insignificant higher with the tested rations R1and R2, than those of control ration (R0). But the highest level of 100% GBVH ration (R4) had produced the lowest amount of milk among the four tested rations. Concerning milk composition, most of tested rations significant increased fat percentage compared with control one, while inverse trend was observed with milk protein percentage among treatments. Slightly improvement respecting milk TS was observed with the most tested rations compared with control ration with significant differences among some tested rations (R2 and R4) with control (R0). No significant differences among experimental rations regarding all offspring performance measurements, with highest values of weight at birth, weight at 1st month, weight at 2nd month, daily gain from birth to 1st month and daily gain from birth to 2nd month which recorded (4.5kg, 10.6kg, 14.2kg 203.13g and 161.56g) at R2, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, plasma total protein was unaffected significantly (P<0.05) by the experimental rations with the highest value (9.43g/dl) was occurred with R2 and the lowest one (6.50g/dl) was with R3. Fat and TS contents were somewhat improved with tested rations in comparison with control ration regarding the produced yoghurt. Also, R1 and R3 have good organoleptic properties of fresh yoghurt made from goat milk. Results indicated that the GBVH replacement in (R1 up to R4) reflected superiority over the control ration. Yoghurt prepare from milk produced from R1 and R3 groups had higher curd tension and lower cured syneresis than those of the other treatments. Feed conversion and economic efficiency were considerably seemed to be the best ones with R2 and R3 rations. Therefore, the replacement of clover hay with green bean veins hay in dairy goat rations is highly recommended in the practical feeding of goats.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38949_2921efb577670874680d6aab244574c9.pdf
2018-03-01
135
143
10.21608/jappmu.2018.38949
goats
green bean veins by-product
digestibility
milk yield
milk composition
blood parameters
yoghurt
economical efficiency
M.
Abou El-Fadel
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Heba
El-Sanafawy
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hanaa
Sakr
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Immunological Responses of Baladi and Shami Does on Mortality Rate of their Offsprings during Post-Partum Period
The main goal of the present experiment is to scrutinize the effect of the maternal immunity on their kids and it’s relation to neonatal mortality in Baladi and Shami goat’s kids during post-partum period (1st month post-partum). This study was conducted at the Ras Sudr Research Station of the Desert Research center, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Fifty clinically healthy adult, 18 months old, estrus synchronized does of two breeds of goats were grouped in two groups according to their breed. The first group contained 25 Baladi does (21.27 kg average body weight) and the second group contained 25 Shami does (35.35 kg average body weight). All dams of both groups were naturally mated. All kids were left with their mothers during the study period (one month) and fed only with colostrum and maternal milk. White blood cells (WBCs) and its differential count, serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined in both dams groups at pre-partum and post-partum and in their kids at the first month post-partum. Dead kids were dissected and spleens were prepared for histopathological studies. Results demonstrated that, Baladi dams showed insignificant increase in WBCs as compared to Shami does. It was obvious that, Baladi does showed insignificant increase in neutrophils and monocytes and insignificant decrease in lymphocytes in comparison with Shami does. Concerning physiological status, significant changes were observed among WBCs and its differential count of Baladi and Shami does during experimental period. Kid’s WBCs and lymphocytes were insignificantly higher in Shami kids than in Baladi kids, while neutrophils and monocytes were insignificantly lower in Shami kids. Concerning post-partum days, there was a significant increase in the values of WBC, monocytes and neutrophils throughout the 30-days post-partum in both kids groups .The present study revealed that serum IgM was significantly higher in Baladi does (0.91 mg/ml) than in Shami does (0.40 mg/ml) by a percentage of 127.5%. IgM level was significantly increased during pregnancy status and the high level was recorded in late gestation (0.75 mg/ml). Maternal breed indicated a significant effect on kid’s serum IgM concentration. IgM was significantly higher in Baladi kids (0.27 mg/ml) than in Shami kids (0.11 mg/ml) by a percentage of 145.45%. Serum IgM concentrations significantly increased during neonatal period. The overall mean for IL -6 was significantly higher in Shami does than in Baladi does by a percentage of 65.63%. Concerning the influence of physiological status, IL -6 level increased significantly at post-partum in Shami does while pregnancy period had no significant effect on IL -6 concentration in both breeds . The overall mean for IL-6 was significantly higher in Shami kids (27.22 pg/ml) than in Baladi kids (9.58 pg/ml) by a percentage of 184.13%. Serum IL-6 showed a significant reduction during neonatal period in kids on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively. Histological alterations of kid’s spleen revealed depleted, atrophied and necrotic lymphoid follicles as well as increase of collagen fibers.In conclusion, results revealed that both Shami and Baladi goats were adapted to the cold stress and the tolerance of Baladi goats to cold stress was much higher than Shami goats under the same condition due to increase in white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, serum IgM as compared to Shami does. Also, maternal immunity plays an indispensable role in the defense procedure of neonates against neonatal infections especially in Baladi goats, until its own immune system is primed and produces a defensive level of resistance. In addition, Shami and Baladi goats seemed to be similar in histological alterations of kid’s spleen however, mortality rate in Shami goat’s kids was higher.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38957_b9582e2c93f3ce4a47ba7dc6df16c233.pdf
2018-03-01
145
155
10.21608/jappmu.2018.38957
goat kids
breed
WBCs
IgM
IL- 6
spleen histopathology
Nahed
Farid
1
Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Al – Azhar University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
N.
Ibrahim
2
Animal and poultry production department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mona
EL–Tonsy
3
Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Al – Azhar University, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Badawy
4
Animal and Poultry physiology Department, Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
Noura
Essa
5
Animal and Poultry physiology Department, Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Suckling Milk Yield of Zaraibi Goats as Affected by Measuring Methods
This work was carried out on Zaraibi does to investigate the suckling milk yield as affected by different methods of the milk yield measurement. This work includes two studies, in the first study, 75, 75 and 87 Zaraibi does were kidding in March season 2006, 2008 and 2009, respectively, where suckling milk was estimated by techniques namely Hand-Milking (HM), Kid/Suckling (KS) and Oxytocin injection + Hand-Milking (OH). Data indicated that total and daily milk yield during suckling period with OH technique was significantly (P<0.05) higher (170.3 kg/h and 1.80 kg/h/d) than those obtained by KS technique (161.4 kg/h and 1.76 kg/h/d) and HM one (144.3 kg/h and 1.61 kg/h/d), respectively. In other words, the quantity of daily suckling milk yield measured by OH and KS were about 11.80 % and 9.32 % higher than that relative measured by HM, respectively. Therefore, OH technique gave considerably more return (9.91 L.E. /h) from milk during suckling period compared to the other two techniques, KS (9.68 L.E. /h) and HM (8.87 L.E. /h), respectively. On the other hand, results illustrated that measuring methods did not had any significant effect on total and daily milk production and length of lactation during the milk lactation stage (suckling plus lactation periods), being 260.8 kg/h, 1.12 kg/h/d and 234.1 days), (253.5 kg/h, 1.03 kg/h/d and 246.9 days) and (255.8 kg/h, 1.06 kg/h/d and 241.2 days) for techniques HM, KS and OH, respectively. Data indicated that type of measuring method of suckling milk yield did not have significant effect on kid performance, such as birth and weaning weight, being (1.86 kg and 10.03 kg), (1.65 kg and 10.12 kg) and (1.64 kg and 9.99 kg) for kids tested techniques HM, KS and OH, respectively. Therefore, change in live body weight of kids from birth until weaning had no effect being 8.17 kg, 8.47 kg and 8.35 kg for techniques HM, KS and OH, respectively. Also, average daily gain, obtained the same trend being, 90.8 g, 94.1 g and 92.8 g, for techniques HM, KS and OH, respectively. Over the second study, fifteen Zaraibi does were selected according to parity, weight, litter size and milk production and were used as one group, where these animals were kept under the same feeding and management practices. They were used to compare among the three measuring methods of suckling milk (HM, KS and OH), to select the suitable method. These methods of measuring suckling milk were experimented in three different and consecutive days (one of these methods every day) being at 14 day post-partum and repeated at 29, 59 and 88 day of the go-day suckling period. Results indicated that total milk yield during suckling period with OH technique was highly significant (P<0.05) higher (175.5 kg/h) than those estimated by KS technique (166.5 kg/h) and HM one (149.25 kg/h), respectively. So, the quantity of suckling milk yield obtained by OH and KS were about 17.59 % and 11.56 % higher than that relative measured by HM, respectively. Therefore, OH technique gave considerably more return (10.73 L.E. per/h) from milk during suckling period compared to the other two techniques, KS (10.18 L.E/per/h) and HM (9.12 L.E per/h), respectively. From this work, it is clear that the measurement of suckling milk yield by OH technique led to an increases the productivity of milk and thus increasing the economic returns in comparison with the KS and HM techniques without any adverse effect on kid performance such as birth and weaning weight or animals health. So, the OH technique is the suitable method to estimate the milk yield during suckling period for goats.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38963_19cd99bf372d66f43da572851e574837.pdf
2018-03-01
157
162
10.21608/jappmu.2018.38963
Zaraibi goats
suckling milk and lactation milk
Hand-Milking
Kid/Suckling
Oxytocin injection + Hand-Milking
A.
Abdel-Gawad
1
Sheep and Goat Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Desoky
2
Sheep and Goat Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Breed and Air Conditioning on some Productive and Reproductive Performance during Hot Summer Season in Rabbits
Two hundred and twenty weaned rabbits of New-Zealand White (NZW) as exotic breed and Baladi Black (BB) as a local breed were used in the present study. The study included two experiments, where rabbits in the first and second groups were housed in unconditioning and conditioning rabbitry, respectively. The first experiment (lasted for 35 days post weaning) was designed to evaluate growth performance of rabbits as affected by breed and conditioning of the rabbitry. The 2nd experiment was carried out to evaluate mature rabbit reproductive traits by using 30 male rabbits, 15 of each NZW and BB in each group, during pre-mature period. The experiment lasted 3 months and aimed to estimate some blood serum constitutes and body thermoregulation, as well as age and weight at first mating and some parameters indicated fertilizing ability of bucks. Results showed that, daily weight gain , feed intake, feed conversion and final body weight of rabbits were significantly (P≤0.05) better in BB and in conditioning rabbitry than those of NZW rabbits and in the control – unconditioning group, respectively. Dressing percentage, carcass weight and relative internal organs weight, as well as, blood pictures of growing rabbits were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in conditioning and BB than in unconditioning rabbitry and NZW rabbits, respectively. Conditioning rabbitry significantly (P≤0.05) improved values of each of total protein and its fractions, some enzymes indicated liver activity, some physiological aspects indicated physiological ability of body-thermoregulation. Also, conditioning rabbitry significantly (P≤0.05) improved net revenue and relative economic efficiency as compared to unconditioning group. Results of the second experiment indicated that, scrotal circumference, testicular index and mating activity, as well as, female and male sexual hormones were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in BB and in conditioning rabbitry than NZW and unconditioning rabbitry, respectively. Baladi Black rabbits showed libido; physical semen quality; conception and kindling rates; litter size and bunny weight at birth and at weaning and pre-weaning mortality rates significantly (P ≤ 0.05) better than NZW rabbits, using natural mating or artificial insemination. Libido and physical semen quality of bucks, and fertility traits of does mated naturally or inseminated artificially were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved by conditioning the rabbitry, in each breed. Using air conditioning in rabbitries showed a significant improvement in the economic efficiency of rabbit production.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38969_d722d1f7d3e9e30e8e8683c4225956f6.pdf
2018-03-01
163
174
10.21608/jappmu.2018.38969
Rabbits
breed
Growth
carcass
productive
reproductive
fertility
Y.
Badawi
badawi_6@hotmail.com
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Res. Cent., Min. of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EGYPT
LEAD_AUTHOR
T.
El-Aasar
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Res. Cent., Min. of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EGYPT
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Differentiation between Resistance and Susceptibility of Fiax Cultivars to Powdery Mildew by Molecular Techniques
Six flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.) were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance in outdoor experience. Cultivarswilden, Bombay and Dakota were resistant (disease severity was 62.80, 58.77 and 69.70% respectively), while cultivars Cortland, sofie,and C.I. 2008 were susceptible (disease severity was 98.10, 97.90, and 87.07% respectively). DNA was extracted from cultivar leavesand subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis by using five random primers. Primer no.5 was partiallysuccessful in differentiating between susceptible cultivars sofie and C.I.2008 and the other resistant cultivars. Extracted DNA wassubjected to inter – simple sequence repeat (ISSR) by using five random primers. Primer no.9 was successful in differentiating betweenthe resistant cultivars and the susceptible ones. Primers no. 7 and no. 10 were partially successful in differentiation between somesusceptible and resistant cultivars.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38977_36415acc0c57bd329cc51c0b281ee291.pdf
2018-03-01
175
182
10.21608/jappmu.2018.38977
Eman
Osman
1
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance and Puberty of Ram Lambs Produced From Ewes Treated with Arginine
Aim of this study was to investigate performance and puberty of ram lambs produced from pregnant ewes treated with different levels of arginine. This study was carried out at Sakha Animal Production Research Station, belonging to the Animal Production Research Institute in a cooperation with Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University. During November 2016, total of 45 Ossimi ewes (September mating season), 3-4 years of age and 39.59±0.15 kg live body weight (LBW ) were divided into three groups (15 head/each). Ewes in the 1st group (G1) served as a control, ewes in the 2nd (G2) and 3rd (G3) groups were weekly treated with oral dose of 20 and 30 mg arginine (AR), respectively, for the duration of the treatment from the second month of pregnancy up to lambing. After lambing, total of 8 ram lambs produced from each group were taken and allotted in three groups similar to treatment of their dams. LBW of ram lambs was recorded at birth and monthly up to 12 month of age. In blood plasma of ram lambs, concentration of IgG and IgM at 2 days and 1, 3 and 4 wk of age, while concentration of total proteins, albumin,creatinine and glucose, and activity of aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase at 2, 4, 6 and 8 month of age were determined. Age and plasma testosterone concentration (PTC) of each ram lambs were determined at three pubertal stages, while semen of 1st ejaculates (at puberty) was evaluated. Results showed that ram lamb LBW was higher (P<0.05) only in G3 than G1 at birth and at 5 to 12 month of age. Final ram lamb LBW at 12 month of age was higher by 10.2 and 15.9% in G2 and G3 than in G1, respectively. Plasma concentration of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) after 2 days, 1, 3, and 4 wk of lambing was highest (P<0.05) in G3, followed by G2, while, G1 showed the lowest values. Plasma concentration of total proteins at 4 month of age and of albumin at 4 and 6 month of age increased (P<0.05), while glucose decreased (P<0.05) at 2 and 8 month of age in G2 and G3 as compared to those of G1. Creatinine increased (P<0.05) only in G3 as compared to G2 and G1 at 6 and 8 month of age, while activity of AST and ALT was not affected at all ages. At puberty, age of ram lambs was earlier (P<0.05) by 51.4 and 33.0 days and PTC was higher (P<0.05) by 22.5 and 18.8% in G2 and G3 than in G1. Ram lambs in G3 showed the best (P<0.05) semen characteristics of the 1st ejaculation (volume, sperm motility and live sperm output / ejaculate), followed by G2. PTC was higher (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in G1 at 6 and 8 month of age, showing significantly (P<0.05) an opposite trend at 7 month of age, while insignificantly different at 5, 9 and 10 month of age. In conclusion, ram lambs of ewes treated with weekly oral dose of L-arginine-HCL (30 mg / ewe) from the second month of pregnancy up to lambing achieved early age and higher weight at puberty.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_39793_bb49cfbeed014d8494f20bd77d018bea.pdf
2018-03-01
183
190
10.21608/jappmu.2018.39793
Ram lambs
Arginine
puberty
Semen
testosterone
A.
Abdel-Khalek
1
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
W.
Khalil
2
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
T.
Ashmawy
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Liza
Abd El-Rafaa
4
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Transportation, Adaptive and Productive Performance of Transported Buffalo Herd in New Environment
The study was carried out in El-Nobarya Station, Beheira Governorate and El-Nataf El-Kadeem Station, Kafr El-SheikhGovernorate. Twenty-two buffalo cows were included in the experiment. Animals were transported\d to El-Nobarya station to establish abuffalo herd in this station.The experiment included two stages, the first stage aimed to study the effect of transportation and the secondstage aimed to study the effect of acclimatization in El-Nobarya station. Meteorological data were collected and recorded including airtemperature (AT, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (WS, Km/hr.), from which temperature humidity index (THI) wascalculated. The following physiological and hematological parameters were recorded: rectal temperature (RT, °C), respiration rate (RR,r/min), hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), hematocrit value (Ht, %) and differential counts of leukocyte types; Neutrophils (Ne), Lymphocytes (Ly),Eosinophils (Eo), Monocytes (Mo) and Basophils (Ba). Meanwhile productive traits included dam weight at calving (DW, KG), birthweight of calves (BW, Kg), weaning weight of calves (WW, KG), calving interval period (CI, day), lactation period (LP, day), total milkyield (TMY, Kg) and persistency (PE, %).The present work was conducted to compare between physiological and productiveperformance of buffaloes before and after transportation. The main obtained results are: the decrease in THI and increase in WS were themain meteorological factors affecting physiological performance for animals. The high difference between animal body temperature andhouse temperature in El-Nobarya had been ameliorated by the effect of low THI and high WS. Transportation influenced significantlyphysiological (RR and RT) and hematological parameters. It increased significantly RR, RT, Ne and Mo and decreased significantly Ht,Hb, Ly and Eo after sustainability of animals. However, productive traits of the first season after transportation was better than beforetransportation except TMY due to better managerial and environmental conditions. Buffaloes can acclimatized to transportation stressduring the first season as no significant differences were found between physiological and productive traits between the four season aftertransportation except milk yield and milk curve persistency which require three seasons to come back to pre-transportation levels. Itcould be concluded that buffaloes under conditions in El-Nobarya were better than those in El-Nataf El-Kadeem due to betterenvironmental conditions (lower THI and higher WS) and management.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_39798_b7d80acf319571dc8b2cbab8a7417c9f.pdf
2018-03-01
191
196
10.21608/jappmu.2018.39798
buffaloes
transportation
Temperature Humidity Index (THI)
total Milk yield
persistency
Fayza
Omran
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Hamdon
2
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley Branch, Assuit University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Using Dried Distiller Grains with Soluble (Ddgs) as a New Protein Source on Meat and Milk Production and their Qualities: 1- Using Dried Distiller Grains with Soluble (DDGS) Instead of Cotton Seed Cake or Soybean Meal Cake in Rations of Lactating Friesian Cows
Twenty four Friesian cows at 2nd lactating season with average live body weight (LBW) 383 Kg. Animals were randomly distributed into four similar groups (6 animal each), to be fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) containing cotton seed cake or soybean meal or DDGS as a source of protein in rations B, C and D, respectively compared to that containing each of them in ration A as a control ration.Feeding trial lasted about 210 days and animals fed CFM, berseem hay and rice straw with rate of 60, 25 and 15% respectively. These proportions were chosen to achieve approximately isonitrogenous rations containing a bout 13 % CP. The results obtained showed that digestibility coefficient of OM,CP,EE and NFE for ration D (containing DDGS) showed significant (P<0.05) higher than the others, while differences in DM and CF digestibility were higher significant (P<0.05) with feeding on ration C than A or B but without significant effect with ration D. Feeding values for ration D expressed as TDN (%), DCP (%), DE and ME (M cal / Kg DM) were significant (P<0.05) higher than the other rations. Ration D containing DDGS tended to significant (P<0.05) increased for both actual milk (9.028 kg) and 4% FCM yield (8.906 kg) and improved milk composition and their yields than rations A and B. Feed efficiency as kg DM/Kg actual milk or kg 4% FCM yields was the best with ration D, than the other rations. Ration D showed the cheapest feed cost to get one kg actual milk (2.072 LE) or kg 4% FCM yield (2.100 LE). Also, ration D gave the highest net revenue (35.464 LE) and economical efficiency (1.90). The mean values of the NH3-N, Total –N and NPN (mg/100ml) concentrations were significant (P<0.05) higher by feeding on ration D. Blood parameters showed that there were no adverse effects, however these parameters were within the normal values.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_39801_6d154aa14d32d08c9f8e0ae0a5ed382c.pdf
2018-03-01
197
203
10.21608/jappmu.2018.39801
DDGS
digestibility coefficients
Feeding values
milk production
economic efficiency
and blood and rumen parameters
K.
Etman
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
T.
El Monayer
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Sayed
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
F.
El - Sayed
4
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Ghoniem
5
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR