ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PERFORMANCE AND SOME RUMEN AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF BALADI COWS FED RATIONS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PRODUCTIVE CHAMOMILE FLOWERS DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND LACTATING PERIODS.
This research was conducted to evaluate effects of two levels of chamomile flowers to the rations of baladi cows on their milk production, feed conversion and feeding values as well as some rumen and blood parameters. A total of 18 cows with average live body weight of 401.00 kg and 2-7 parities, were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups ( 6 in each group) and fed diets according to NRC (1988) recommendation that contained 0, 5 and 10 g chamomile / 100 kg BW / day. The animals were in the late pregnancy period and continued for 4 months after calving. In addition, 9 Zaraibi bucks were used to evaluate the feeding values of the tested rations, and some rumen liquor parameters .
The results showed that the digestion coefficients of all nutrients and feeding values were improved with increasing the level of chamomile ( 0, 5 and 10 g / 100 kg BW / day) in the rations (G1, G2 and G3, respectively) and the differences were significantly in digestibility of DM, CF and CP as well as TDN and DCP %. The results of rumen parameters of Zaraibi bucks showed that pH value and ammonia-N were not significantly different among the groups. But, addition of chamomile had significantly increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) concentrations at 4 hr post-feeding in rumen fluied of bucks. The highest values of protozoa count and microbial protein at 4 hr were recorded with G3 (0.840 and 0.685, respectively) and the lowest values were recorded with G1 ( 0.770 and 0.580, respectively).
Concerning biochemical parameters, the results indicated that most tested constituents of blood were not significantly affected by the tested experimental rations during the late pregnancy and lactation periods. Serum globulin was increased while ALT enzyme were reduced as a result of adding chamomile especially with the high level (G3).
Daily milk yield was increased by 5.81 and 9.42 % for G2 ( 9.10 kg) and G3 (9.41 kg) compared with the control ( 8.60 kg). However, milk composition was not significantly affected by both of the two levels of chamomile. But, yields of fat and protein as g/d were significantly increased ( p< 0.05) by the high chamomile level.
The feed conversion based on DM was improved by about 6.0 and 8.5 % as a result of using chamomile in G2 and G3, respectively compared to G1. A similar trend was noticed when feed efficiency was based on TDN where the best was G3 ( 0.752 ) followed by G2 ( 0.767) and lowest the control group ( 0.794).
Accordingly, it could be concluded that using chamomile in baladi cows rations had positive effects not only in improving milk yield, but also in improving feed utilization without any adverse effects on milk composition and blood metabolic parameters.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52952_ea82133efce050acd58514f589799834.pdf
2015-12-01
705
717
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52952
Productive performance –lactating cow – some rumen and blood parameters – chamomile flowers – milk production – feeding value- feed conversion
M.
El-Kholany
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mehany
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
G.
Maged
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
El-Mowafy.
4
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF VITAMIN AD3E INJECTION ON AGE AND WEIGHT OF WEANING AND REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY OF GOATS. 1- PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GOAT BUCKS DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS IN EGYPT.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamins AD3E administration during different seasons of the year in Egypt on physiological thermoregulatory response, blood components and semen characteristics of Damascus bucks. Thirty Damascus goat bucks aged 14-15 months and weighing 32-35 kg were divided into three similar groups (10 bucks in each). The first group (Control, G1) was kept without treatment (injected by saline solution (, while the second (G2) and third (G3) groups were injected intramuscularly biweekly with vitamin AD3E at levels of 2 and 4 ml/buck, respectively. Thermoregulatory parameters, some Blood component and hormones, Semen characteristics, semen storage ability and Scrotal measurements were measured biweekly. The treatment period lasted during different seasons for one year.
Results showed that hair, skin, rectal, scrotal skin, and ear temperatures were the highest (P<0.05) in summer and the lowest (P<0.05) in winter, but these traits were not affected by vitamins injection.
Concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin (A), Ca and P decreased (P<0.05) in summer compared with other seasons, while globulin (G) concentration increased (P<0.05) in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Concentrations of TP, G, Ca and P increased (P<0.05) by vitamins injection. Concentration of testosterone was the highest (P<0.05) in autumn and the lowest (P<0.05) in summer. The highest (P<0.05) T3 and T4 levels was in winter .
Cortisol concentration was highest (P<0.05) in summer and the lowest (P<0.05) in winter and autumn. Concentration of testosterone, T3 and T4 increased (P<0.05), while cortisol concentration decreased (P<0.05) by vitamins injection.
No significant changes in scrotal circumference were observed due to change of season or due to vitamins injection. The highest testicular length was in bucks injected with 4 ml vitamins while the lowest testes length was in control bucks. Testes size increased (P<0.05) by increasing level of vitamins injection.
The lowest (P<0.05) number of ejaculate and semen volume were in summer, while the highest values were in autumn. Number of ejaculate, libido and semen volume increased (P<0.05) by vitamins injection and the opposite trend was observed in pH value. The highest motility percentage and the lowest dead sperm, abnormality and acrosomal damage percentages were during autumn while the lowest motility percentage and the highest dead sperm, abnormality and acrosomal damage during summer. Semen characteristics including percentages of mass motility, dead sperm, abnormality and acrosomal damage improved (P<0.05) by vitamins injection. The best semen storage ability was in autumn.
From these results it can be concluded that vitamins AD3E injection improved semen quality of heat stressed goats bucks, especially at a level of 4 ml/buck.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52956_26e2fa951e58e8d4134e51833f1e89fa.pdf
2015-12-01
719
739
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52956
AD3E
Goat bucks
body temperature
Blood
Semen
scrotum
A.
Habeeb
dr_alnaimy@yahoo.com
1
Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
AbdelHafez
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
ELGohary
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Fathala
4
Animal Husb. & Animal wealth Development, Fac. Vet. Med., Alexandria University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
O.
Salama
5
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RELATIONSHIP OF SHANK LENGTH WITH SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MATROUH CHICKEN STRAIN.
Twenty five males and 75 hens from Matrouh chicken strain at 32 weeks of age were kept as basic generation. Offspring produced from eggs of the base generation were termed as first generation (150 chicks represented each sex ) . Upon reaching twelve weeks of age, male and female birds were weighed individually and classified into three groups according to their shank lengths (SL). The classification of male SL was 5.0 – 5.9 cm for short group, 6.0 - 8.4 cm for medium group and >8.4 cm for long SL one. Also, females were classified for SL as follows (4.5 – 5.5 cm as a short group, 5.6 – 7.4 cm as medium group and > 7.4 cm as a long one). The birds were weighed individually with 0.01 g precision at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32,36 and 38 wks of age. A total of 30 Matrouh birds (males and females) representing 10 birds for each SL group were slaughtered at 16 wks of age for detection calcium and phosphorus concen-trations in the blood and bone. Also carcass traits were determined for the same birds. The age of sexual maturity was determined. Egg weight, egg mass, and egg production percentage for each SL groups were determined through different laying periods (22-38 wks of age). At 38 wks of age, blood samples were collected from the wing veins for detection of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), ALP/GLB ratio, calcium, phosphorus and cholesterol concentrations.
Obtained results are summarized as follows:
Birds of long SL for Matrouh males and females represented heavier (P<0.05) weights compared with that of short SL among all experimental ages.
Age at sexual maturity was significantly delayed for Matrouh hens with short SL compared with those for medium and long ones.
Hens with short SL produced (P<0.05) less percentage of egg production compared with those for other SL groups throughout all experimental periods.
Generally, egg weight and egg mass were not statistically influenced by SL through all experimental periods between 22 - 38 wks of age except that between 27 - 30 wks of age for egg weight and between 31 - 34 wks of age for egg mass.
Long SL group at 16 wks of age represented significant increase of plasma calcium concentration compared to medium and short one for both sexes except that there was no significant difference between long and medium ones for females.
Moreover, plasma phosphorus did not represent any significant difference between SL groups.
Bone calcium and phosphorus at 16 wks of age did not represent any significant differences between SL groups for males and females except that for phosphorus in females.
Long SL for males and females represented highest significant values of live body weight and empty carcass percentages compared with medium and short ones.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52959_3d97338c8821d8dc2cbe0c232d0864a9.pdf
2015-12-01
741
753
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52959
chickens
Shank length
Egg production
blood and carcass
A.
Debes
1
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res .Center, Ministry of Agric., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Hasaan
2
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res .Center, Ministry of Agric., Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Abd El-Rehem
3
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res .Center, Ministry of Agric., Egypt
AUTHOR
Abeir
Eshera
4
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res .Center, Ministry of Agric., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Bashandy
5
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res .Center, Ministry of Agric., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF FLAXSEED OIL ON DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD PARAMETERS, IMMUNO-RESPONSE AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SUCKLING FRIESIAN CALVES
Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on the digestion, immunoglobulin concentration, some blood parameters, average daily gain, feed conversion and economic efficiency of suckling Friesian calves. A total of 28 newly born Friesian calves with weighing 31.42±1.9 kg were divided into two similar groups, 14 calves in each group. The first group (G1) was served as a control, while the second group (G2) was supplemented with 0.2 ml/kg LBW from flaxseed oil in suckling milk from birth up to weaning. Results showed that digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and feeding values as TDN and DCP as well as feed intakes as TDN and DCP were higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1. Blood plasma immunoglobulins concentrations were higher (P<0.05) during different suckling intervalsin G2 than in G1. Red and white blood cells count, percentages of monocytes, neutrophils and package cell volume, and haemoglobin concentration increased (P<0.01) in G2 than in G1. Percentages of basophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes were not affected by supplementation. Concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin in plasma were increased (P<0.05-P<0.01), while, albumin to globulin ratio and concentration of total lipids, creatinine and urea-N concentrations decreased (P<0.01) in G2 than in G1. Plasma glucose concentrations and AST and ALT activities were nearly similar in both groups. Live body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion improved (P<0.001) in G2 than in G1. Economic efficiency was higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1.
It could be concluded that flaxseed oil supplementation in milk of suckling Friesian calves (0.2 ml/kg LBW) during the suckling period improved growth performance and economic efficiencies as well as immune-response of Friesian calves without adversity effects on digestibility, haematological and biochemical parameters.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52963_46795118cef88fa6c003d4962c63dcc3.pdf
2015-12-01
755
765
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52963
calves
omega-3 fatty acids
immunity
gain
Blood
economic efficiency
M.
Abu El-Hamd
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Y.
El-Diahy
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Maghraby
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Elshora
4
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF DIETARY ARGININE SUPPLEMENTATION ON SOME HORMONES AND ITS RELATION TO PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL CHICKENS. 1- GROWING PERIOD.
An experiment was conducted to study the influence dietary supplemental of Arg on productive performance and physiological traits in chickens during the growing period (one day-12 weeks of age). Four hundred and twenty unsexed–one day old chicks of Silver Montazah (SM) chicks were randomly distributed into four groups (each of 1o5 chicks) with three replicates (each of 35 chicks). The 1st group (T1) was fed the basal diet containing (1.14 % Arg) and served as control group. While the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were given the basal diet with 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 % Arg, respectively. The obtained data revealed the following results: live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), Keel (KL) and shank lengths (SL) were enhanced with increased dietary Arg at 12 wks of age, likewise, feed consumption (FC) values were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased in chicks fed 0.30% Arg (T4) supplemental diet compared with the control group. Also, chicks fed diet supplemented with 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30% Arg (T2, T3 and T4) recorded better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than control group during the whole period. Adding Arg to the diet of chicks by 0.25 and 0.30% levels resulted in a significant increase in total erythrocytes count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total leucocytes count (WBC) and lymphocytes ratio (L %) and a significant decrease in heterophils (H %), monocytes (M %), eosinophils (E) and H/L ratio value at 12 wks of age as compared with T2 and control groups. The high level (0.30%) Arg (T4) significantly (P≤0.05) increased the nitric oxide (NO) and growth hormone (GH) and decreased significantly IGF-1 hormones than the basal diet (control group). The results of the present study indicated that arginine supplementation during the growing period caused promote the growth performance and had beneficial effects on some physiological responses of Silver Montazah chicks.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52965_88a71f32148f45723a488e8a02bb96a9.pdf
2015-12-01
767
779
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52965
Arginine
Productive Performance Nitric Oxide
GH and IGF-1
Hanan
Mohamed
1
Dep. of Poult. Breeding Res. ** Dep. of Poult. Nutr. Res
AUTHOR
M.
Sabry
2
Anim. Prod. Res. Insti., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT ON EGG PRODUCTION, EGG QUALITY, FERTILITY AND HATCHABILITY TRAITS in EL-SALAM CHICKEN STRAIN IN EGYPT
This work was carried out at Sakha Poultry Production Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, during two successive generations in order to estimate the correlated response in egg production, egg quality and hatch traits to selection for body weight at 12 weeks of age in El-Salam chicken strains. Traits under taken were body weight, egg number, egg weight, egg mass, egg quality, fertility. Heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations among studied traits were estimated.
The means of body weight at 12 week of age in El-Salam chicken strain in the base, first and second generations for males were 868.3, 903.6 and 942.9 g and for females were 838.6, 868.3 and 881.3g for selected line, respectively. Moreover, males and females in the selected line were heavier than corresponding birds in the control one for all generations.
After two generations selected for body weight, selected line was significantly higher body weight than control line by 85.4 and 33.6g in average means 9.8% and 4.0% superiority for male and female respectively.
Selection to the weight of the body lead to the delayed age at sexual maturity, as well as increased body weight at sexual maturity and the period until the first ten eggs.
Means of egg number and feed conversion were significantly reduced by generations. Moreover, egg weight and egg mass for selected line were significantly heavier than those of the control one.
As generational succession caused significant improvements on Haugh units, it decreased egg shape index, shell thickens, albumen and yolk percentages. Furthermore, egg shape index and shell percentage were significantly (P<0.05) affected by lines. Also, data showed no significant interactions between generations and lines on all of tested egg quality traits.
Reproductive performance as fertility and hatchability percentages were significantly (P≤0.05) reduced by -2.9 vs. -0.6% after progress two generation of selection, but not affected by lines separately or as combination with generations.
Heritability estimated for body weight at 12 week of age were 0.67 based on sire variance component (h2s).
Negative genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between body weight at 12 week of age with egg number, egg mass, fertility, hatchability, egg shape index, yolk%, shell% and shell thickens, while the positive effect were found for body weight at sexual maturity, age at sexual maturity, the period until the first 10 eggs, egg weight, feed conversion, albumen % and Hough unit.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52984_a4d97d0c1526346c5a8ebd66bbca774c.pdf
2015-12-01
781
796
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52984
chickens
selection
body weight
Egg production
egg quality
fertility
Hatchability
heritability
A.
Ashour
1
; Y. K. Badwi and Ragaa E. Abd El-Karim Animal Production Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Egypt
AUTHOR
Y.
Badwi
2
Animal Production Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ragaa
Abd El-Karim
3
Animal Production Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SIMULATION STUDY ON USING OPEN NUCLEUS BREEDING SCHEME FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WEANING WEIGHT IN BARKI SHEEP WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FLOCK SIZE
The present article investigated how the expected genetic gain of weaning weight changed in relation to the size of the nucleus and commercial flocks in order to develop a suitable strategy for improving meat production in Barki sheep. The original body weight data were collected from the Barki sheep flock of the Desert Research Centre from 1963 to 2005 with a total number of 1046 animals (542 females and 504 males) progenies of 163 sires and 557 dams. The simulated sets of data were generated from the original data and designed to construct two scenarios of an open nucleus breeding scheme each consists of a nucleus and 5 contributing commercial flocks. The first scenario concerned with small flock size (1500 ewes and 50 sires in the nucleus flock together with 3000 ewes and 100 sires in each commercial flock), while the second scenario dealt with large flock size (3000 ewes and 100 sires in the nucleus flock in addition to 6000 ewes and 200 sires in each commercial flock). The open nucleus breeding scheme was also simulated to allow for the exchange of superior sires among tires in both directions. Four generations of progenies were obtained by selection of sires and dams for the next generations. The annual genetic gain as a response to selection for weaning weight was also calculated.
Results of breeding values of sires, dams and offspring as well as average weaning weight indicated no differences between large and small flock sizes despite the slight increase observed in the small flock size throughout four generations. Breeding values of sires, dams and offspring as well as the average weaning weight tended to increase as generations increased from first (G1) to the fourth generation (G4) in nucleus and commercial flocks in both small and large population size. Selection for weaning weight through applying open nucleus breeding scheme for four generations increased average weaning weight from 19.02 kg to 32.58 kg (by 71.3%) in the nucleus flock and from 16.33 kg to 28.91 kg (by 77.0%) in the commercial flocks of the small population size. The corresponding values for the large population size were 18.67 kg to 32.50 kg (by 74.1%) in the nucleus flock and from 16.30 kg to 28.56 kg (by 75.2%) in commercial flocks. The annual rate of genetic gain for average weaning weight tended to decrease as the generation advanced from G1 to G4 in both small and large population sizes.
There is a considerable increase in the genetic response in both large and small population sizes despite the slight difference in the annual genetic gain of weaning weight occurred in small flock sizes. The study argued that without increasing the number of animals in the nucleus, breeders could accelerate genetic progress in productive traits by annually screening elite animals from commercial flocks, ensure high selection intensities and shorter generation intervals together with the accuracy of selection decisions.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_52989_49ce203fb32f9c101f5e7f24ffe9277d.pdf
2015-12-01
797
807
10.21608/jappmu.2015.52989
Open nucleus breeding scheme
genetic improvement
Weaning weight
Barki sheep
Salwa
El-Wakil
salwa_elwakil@yahoo.com
1
Animal and Poultry Breeding Dept., Desert Research Centre, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR