ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Rearing Systems on Growth Performance and Wool Characteristics of Rahmani Sheep Lambs
This study was conducted to evaluate the intensive and rural (non-intensive) rearing conditions effect on growing lambs’ performance and wool characteristics of Rahmany sheep. A total of 40 lambs at the age of one year were used from intensive and rural rearing systems (20 lamb each, of equal male and female number). The folk of intensive system was housed at a governmental station located in El-Serw, Damietta city, Egypt. The rural folk was owned by householder located in the same area of the city. The wool sample represents the first shearing harvested from the northern shoulder area of the lambs and used to investigate some wool measurements. The studied rearing systems showed no significant differences found for lambs’ birth weights, while, the intensive rearing system enhanced significantly lambs’ daily weight gain. Lambs weights at one year aged and the total weight gain in the intensive system were significantly higher than rural system lambs. The rearing system insignificantly affected the lambs’ fibre length growth, but affected significantly the clean wool yield, fibre diameter and crimp/cm of lambs. The rearing system affected significantly the lambs’ staple strength, point of break and elongation rate, while no effect on staple length was detected.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53484_a2e0ed0a8028fdf295a12a779d041e9a.pdf
2019-07-01
193
196
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53484
rearing systems
lamb performance
wool traits
Rahmani sheep
F. H.
Farrag
1
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
A. A.
Gabr
2
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sara A.
Saad
3
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Spirulina and Canthaxanthin Injection into Hatching Eggs on Hatchability Traits and Subsequent Growth Performance of Chicks
This work aimed to analyze the result of in-ovo injection at the 14th day of hatching period on hatchability, embryonic mortality (%) and subsequent growth performance additionally physiological status for hatched chicks. A 540 hatching Sinai eggs were collected, weighted (52 ± 1 g), distributed into 6 groups and incubated. At the 14th day of incubation, all eggs were candled then total fertile eggs of each group spliced into equal 3 replicates. Experimental groups were organized as follow: negative control (NC) without injection while the other groups were injected with sterile distilled water alone as a positive control (PC), spirulina (SP) with 2.5 and 5.0 mg/egg, canthaxanthin (CX) with 0.025 and 0.050 mg/egg, respectively. Results indicated that the highest value of hatchability (%) of fertile eggs was achieved by injected eggs with 0.050 mg CX/egg followed by in-ovo injection with 2.5 mg SP/egg in comparison with the PC and NC groups. In-ovo injection with 0.050 mg CX/egg resulted in a heavier chick body weight at 8 days after hatch and relative heart weight than other treatments and the control groups. Chicks produced from the eggs injected with 0.050 mg CX / egg recorded a significant improvement in BW at 28 days of age and subsequent BWG than other injected groups and NC during 0-28 days of age. The highest value of the survival ratio percentage was recorded for chicks produced from injected eggs with 2.5 mg SP/ egg. Total protein, globulin and HDL recorded higher (P≤0.01) values in chick's serum by injected hatching eggs with 0.025 and 0.050 mg CX/egg in comparison with NC group, however, total cholesterol and LDL recorded the lower value. It was concluded that, in-ovo injection Sinai hen's eggs with spirulina and canthaxanthin could be used to improve hatchability and decrease embryonic mortality (%) and enhance subsequent growth performance additionally physiological situation of hatched chicks.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53486_da5c4f7a06f3019d2abde377692a56b3.pdf
2019-07-01
197
202
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53486
in-ovo injection
Spirulina
canthaxanthin
hatching traits
Growth performance
F. S. A.
Ismail
1
Poultry Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
AUTHOR
Kh. El.
Sherif
2
Poultry Prod. Dep., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
AUTHOR
Y. S.
Rizk
3
APRI, Agric. Res. Cen., Min. of Agric. Dokki, Giza
AUTHOR
Montaha E. M.
Hassan
4
APRI, Agric. Res. Cen., Min. of Agric. Dokki, Giza
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evalution of Productive, Reproductive, Longevity and Lifetime Traits of Camel in Egypt
Data used in the present study were collected from history sheets of milk records (420) of 112 Maghrebi she-camels, number of dams were 55 sired by 15 sire, located at Center of Studies and Development of Camel production. Marsa Matrouh governorate belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. Data were covered the period from 2003 to 2017 year. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (PROC GLM) Procedure of the statistical analysis system (SAS, 2009). The model includes, season, year of calving as fixed effects, age at calving, days open and first milk yield as random effects. Age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI1), number of services per conception (NS/C1), total milk yield (TMY1) lactation period (LP1), number of lactation completed (NOL), culling age (CULL), productive life (PL), total lactation length (TLL), lifetime production (LMY), milk yield per lactation length (MPLL) and milk yield per day of productive life (MPPL) averaged 62.72 month, 168.30 days, 587.37 days, 2.17 services, 1408.76 kg, 410.15 days, 3.98 parity, 3861.80 days, 1940.63 days, 1389.74 days, 5266.02 kg, 4.08 kg and 3.03 kg, respectively. Age at first calving, total milk yield, days open, number of services per conception, number of lactation completed, culling age, length of productive life, lifetime production and milk yield per day of productive life were not affected by season of calving. Meanwhile, calving interval, total lactation length and milk yield per lactation length. Except for lactation period was highly significant (p<0.01). In addition, she-camels calving in Autumn and Winter had higher AFC, Spring and Summer are higher DO1, Autumn and Summer had longest CI1. Summer and Autumn had higher NS/C1 and Spring and Winter calving had higher TMY1 and LP1. Meanwhile, she-camels calving in Spring and Summer are higher NOL, CULL and PL. While, Autumn and Spring calving had longest TLL, Summer and Spring calving had higher LMY, Autumn and Winter calving had higher MPLL and Autumn and Summer calving had higher MPPL. Year of calving had significant effect (p<0.05) on AFC, CI1 and CULL. While, non-significant effect on DO1, NS/C1, TMY1, LP1, NOL, PL, LMY and MPPL. While, highly significant (p<0.01) effect on TLL and MPLL. Age at calving had non-significant effect on DO1, NS/C1, TMY1, NOL, CULL, PL, TLL, LMY and MPLL. While, significant effect (p<0.05) on LP1and MPPL. While, only highly significant effect (p<0.0001) on CI1. Days open had non-significant effect on AFC, NS/C1, TMY1, NOL, CULL, PL, TLL, LMY, MPLL. Also, milk yield increased linearly with the increase of DO. While, LP1 and CI1 affected highly significantly by days open and only significant effect (p<0.05) on MPPL. First milk yield had highly significant effect (p<0.01) on TMY1, NOL, CULL, PL, TLL and MPPL. Also, first milk yield increased linearly with advanced in age. While, had non-significant effect on both of LP1,AFC, DO1, CI1 and NS/C1. While, had significant effect (p<0.05) on LMY and MPLL. It was concluded that an improvement in camel productive and reproductive traits is possible both through improving management systems and utilization of controlled breeding programs.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53487_9b7abf0086cbda1dd5ee72f887f2e598.pdf
2019-07-01
203
214
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53487
camel
productive
reproductive
longevity
lifetime
environmental effects
F. H. H.
Farrag
1
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
N. A.
Shalaby
2
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
T. H.
Moustafa
3
Camel Research Department, Animal production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A. M.
Abdel-Salam
4
Camel Research Department, Animal production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Shahdan A.
Ismail
5
Camel Research Department, Animal production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance of Sinai Laying Hens Fed Tow Levels of Energy in Diets Containing Three Levels of Protein
This experiment aimed to study effects of metabolizable energy and protein levels on the productive and reproductive performance of Sinai laying hens from 24 to 40 wk. A total of 180 Sinai laying hens was randomly assigned to six experimental diets of 2,850 (HME = high ME), or 2,700 = low ME) kcal of ME/kg, each containing CP levels of 18% (HCP = high CP), 16% (MCP = medium CP), or 14% (LCP = low CP) in a 2× 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each dietary treatment contained 30 single-caged birds. The results were obtained as follows: final body weight (FBW), change in body weight (CBW), daily protein intake, daily energy intake, protein efficiency ratio (PER), energy efficiency ratio (EER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg number (EN), egg weight (EW), daily egg mass (EM), hen-day egg production rate (HDEP), were significantly improved in birds fed the high-energy-diets (P<0.01) compared with those fed the low-energy-diets. However, birds fed the low-ME diets consumed more feed compared with fed on high-energy-diets. Birds fed the diets termed as (HCP or MCP) displayed significantly higher (P≤0.01) final body weight (FBW) and change in body weight, egg number and hen-day egg production rate than those received the low-CP diet (P<0.01). Increasing dietary protein level led to a gradual improvement in FBW (g), CBW, daily protein intake, EER, FCR, egg number, egg weight, daily egg mass and hen-day egg production rate. Interactions between ME and CP levels in the previously mentioned criteria were significant (P<0.05). Plasma cholesterol was significantly increased as a result of feeding on the high-ME diets compared with those given the low-ME diets. The same trend was also observed in respect of protein levels where there were significant differences on plasma activity of ALT which significantly increased (P≤0.01) when hens were fed on the high-CP diets compared with those fed on the diets containing LCP and MCP. Plasma cholesterol was significantly increased (P≤0.01) by increasing ME level in the diet with any dietary protein level compared with other treatment groups.The present results revealed that the diets containing ME level of 2,850 kcal/kg with 18 or 16% protein can improve egg production characteristics of Sinai laying hens. From the economic view point it can be suggested that a diet containing 16% protein with 2850 kcal/kg is optimal for Sinai laying hens to achieve the highest profitability compared with other treatments during studied period from 28-40 weeks of age.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53489_97851f7cf8ef4ea22b1f065d099312bf.pdf
2019-07-01
215
221
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53489
Dietary Metabolizable energy and Crude protein levels
Sinai laying hens productive and Reproductive Performance
A. A.
Alderey
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
O. A.
El-Weshahy
2
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance of Gimmizah Cockerels Fed Two Levels of Methionine and Lysine and Two Levels of Protein
Seventy two cockerels of the 24-week-old Gimmizah strain were used to evaluate performance of Gimmizah cockerels fed two levels of methionine and lysine and two levels of protein. The work in this study was divided into two experiments. 1st experiment aimed to test two levels of methionine at 0.24 and 0.34% with two levels 12 and 13% CP while 2nd experiment was designed to test levels of lysine at 0.60 and 0.70% at the same protein levels in factorial design 2×2 in each experiment. Body weight and feed intake were recorded while, the change in body weight, daily protein intake and methionine and lysine intake were calculated. Semen characteristics and some blood plasma characteristics were determined. The experimental period terminated at 40 weeks of age. The obtained results showed that: From results of the first experiment it will be noticed that protein levels had no significant effects on final body weight (FBW), BW change, daily feed intake, daily methionine intake, semen characteristics and fertility percentage but increasing protein level to 13% CP exhibited significant increase in daily protein intake, globulin and AST in blood plasma. Increasing methionine level from 0.24% to 0.34% significantly improved FBW, BW change, daily feed intake, daily methionine intake, fertility percentage, globulin, glucose and semen quality characteristics except for volume which numerically improved. On the other hand daily protein intake, total protein, albumen, AST and ALT in blood plasma were not affected by methionine levels. Interaction effect between protein and methionine levels had significant effects. Cockerels fed diet 0.34% methionine with any protein level resulted in significant improvements in FBW, BW change, daily feed intake, methionine intake, motility%, live sperm, dead sperm, abnormality, fertility percentage and glucose in blood plasma compared with methionine 0.24% level. Interaction between protein and methionine levels was not significant on semen volume, total protein, albumin and ALT in blood plasma. In the 2nd experiment results revealed that daily lysine intake had insignificant effect on cockerels fed on different protein levels. In contrast cockerels fed diet contains 0.70% lysine displayed significant increases in daily lysine intake compared with those fed diet contains 0.60% lysine. Interaction between studied factors had insignificant affect FBW, BW change, all semen characteristics, fertility percentage, total protein, albumen and glucose in blood plasma but cockerels fed diet contains 0.60% lysine and 13% CP content resulted in significant reduction (P≤0.05) in daily feed intake and lysine intake compared with other treatments. On the other hand cockerels fed diet containing 12% CP with any lysine level recorded significant decrease in daily protein intake than those fed on 13% CP. While there were no significant variations in daily feed intake, daily lysine intake, AST and ALT in response to feeding on diets containing0.70% lysine and 12 or 13% protein levels compared with other treatment groups. It can be concluded that the diets containing 13% CP with 0.34% methionine or 0.60% lysine had not adverse effect on productive or reproductive performance of Gimmizah cockerels with taking into consideration semen quality and fertility percentage.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53490_ef27ebd05a65c87b0fcf1c459bb14524.pdf
2019-07-01
223
229
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53490
Gimmizah cockerels
Dietary protein
methionine
lysine levels
semen quality and some blood traits
A. A.
Alderey
1
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
A. M. E.
Nasr
2
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
H. A.
Abu khashaba
3
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
H. R.
Samak
4
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and some Blood Constituents in Growing New Zealand White Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Eucalyptus globules
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing the rabbit diets with Eucalyptus globulus dried leaves (EGL) or its aqueous extract (EGE) on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and blood constituents. A total number of 225 weaned New Zealand White rabbits, six weeks old, were used in this experiment. Treatment groups were ; a control diet (C), T1 and T2 were the control diet + 0.25 or 0.5% dried eucalyptus leaves, respectively, T3 and T4 were the control diet + 0.05 or 0.1% aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves, respectively, The growth trail lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, digestibility nutrient trails were done and nutritive values were calculated, then rabbits were slaughtered and blood samples were obtained. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Providing rabbit diets with EGL; EGA significantly (P<0.01) increased final live weight, body weight gain and, feed conversion ratio, especially at 0.25% EGL compared to the control. The best FCR were reported to the groups contain 0.25% EGL followed by 0.05% EGE. The digestibility coefficients for OM, CP and nutritive values in terms DCP and TDN of the experimental diets significantly increased with EGL and EGE feeding. Supplemented EGL or EGE to the diets significantly increased (P<0.05) values of hemoglobin concentration, RBC’s, WBC’s count and percentage of lymphocytes. Both EGL and EGE significantly increased blood total protein and albumin, also decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol and has no effect on creatinine and the activity of AST and ALT. It could suggested that using eucalyptus as feed additives for growing rabbits improve growth performance and digestibility, with no adverse effects on blood constituents.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_53492_f6c2ea946af029aec738d7499a1855d5.pdf
2019-07-01
231
235
10.21608/jappmu.2019.53492
Eucalyptus globules
Rabbits
Growth performance
digestibility
blood constituents
Amany H.
Waly
dr.amanyhwaly@gmail.com
1
Department of Poultry Nutrition Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayat A.
Ragab
2
Department of Rabbit, Turkey and Water Fowl Breeding Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
E. A. H.
Quta
3
Department of Poultry Nutrition Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Enayat H.
Abo El-Azayem
4
Department of Rabbit, Turkey and Water Fowl Breeding Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samia M.
Mobarez
5
Department of Poultry Nutrition Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR