Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
INFLUENCE OF SOURCE AND LEVEL OF DIETARY OIL SEEDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING GOATS.
1
19
EN
H.
M.
El-Shabrawy
Animal nutrition Dept. Animal Prod. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Centre, Ministry., of, Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82759
Thirtylactating Zaraibi goats in mid lactation were randomly assigned into five groups, six in each to evaluate two different sources and levels of canola or sunflower seeds. Five experimental diets were formulated to study their effects on digestion coefficients, some rumen parameter, some blood constituents and milk production and its components. The first group received a diet with no supplemented oil seeds (control), 2<sup>nd </sup>received a diet containing 5% canola seeds (LCS), 3<sup>rd </sup>received a diet containing 10% canola seeds(HCS), 4<sup>th </sup>received a diet containing 7% sunflower seeds (LSFS) and 5<sup>th </sup>received a diet containing 14% sunflower seeds(HSFS).
The obtained results indicated that digestibility coefficients of DM, OM and EE and the nutritive value in terms of TDN% were increased but CF digestibility coefficient were decreased by using canola and sunflower seeds in diets. The differences among all the experimental diets in the digestibility coefficients of CP and NFE and the nutritive value in term of DCP% were not significant. The digestibility coefficients of DM and OM were similar among the tested diets containing canola and sunflower seeds. On the other hand, digestibility coefficient of EE increased and but that of CF decreased as the level of canola or sunflower seeds were increased in the diet.
No significant differences were noticed with respect to ruminal pH values among the tested diets. The concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA's), acetic acid and the ratio of acetate to propionate were increased, but NH<sub>3</sub>-N, propionic acid and butyric acid were decreased for goats fed canola or sunflower diets than those fed the control diet. The improvements in rumen parameters for goats fed high canola seeds were more than the other tested diets.
No significant differences were noticed in plasma urea nitrogen, albumin and globulin concentrations among the tested diets. The highest values of plasma total protein were recorded with diet contained high canola seeds and the lowest value was recorded with the control diet.
Yields of milk, 4% fat corrected milk (4% FCM) and its components were improved ((P<0.05) when goats were fed diets contained canola or sunflower seeds than those fed the control diet. The improvements were more pronounced as the levels of canola or sunflower seeds were increased in the diet.
Within the milk fat, the concentration of saturated fatty acids (FA) was reduced and unsaturated FA was increased in response to dietary oil seeds. The concentrations of saturated FA were decreased, but unsaturated FA was increased as the level of canola or sunflower seeds were increased in the diet.
Feed cost per one kg 4% FCM decreased by 11.61%, 10.97%, 9.03% and 8.39% for goats fed HCS, HSFS, LCS and LSFS, respectively. Accordingly, economic efficiency value was the best with HCS diet followed by HSFS diet and then LCS and LSFS diets.
Canola seeds,Sunflower seeds,dairy goats
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82759.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82759_02ab815765c535933044aee6966820d3.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
ECONOMIC RETEURN OF FATTENING BALADI AND BUFFALO CALVES UNDER PREVAILING SYSTEM IN EGYPT
21
28
EN
Amal
K.
El Asheeri
Dept. of Animal Production, Fac. Agric., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82761
Thirty calves of Baladi and Buffalo (n=15/genotype) were used in this work to study daily gain, feed conversion and economic efficiency of both genotypes. Calves were purchased from local market with body weight of 229 – 238 kg. Calves were kept tied in a semi open yard and fed on concentrate feed mixture and rice straw throughout the fattening period. Initial body weight of Baladi and buffalo calves was similar averaging 231.4 ± 1.9 and 232.6 ± 1.0 kg, respectively. Calves were allowed to grow up to the final body weight of 400 kg. Calves were weighed monthly to record the body weight and determine feed requirements of each animal. Growth curve, average daily gain (ADG) and total weight gain were recorded as growth traits, while fattening period, cost of producing one kg gain, cost of producing one kg meat were calculated as economic parameters.<br /> Growth curve of the two studied genotypes indicated no significant difference between Baladi and Buffalo calves within the first three months of fattening period. Afterward body weight of Baladi calves increased significantly (P< 0.001) compared to buffaloes. Baladi and Buffalo calves reached the target final body weight (398.9 ± 2.6 kg and 400.3 ± 1.5 kg, respectively). Fattening period of buffalo calves (252.7 ± 5.7 day) was significantly (P<0.0001) longer than that of Baladi (185.7 ± 7.4 day) by about 67 day. This is due to the higher (P<0.0001) ADG of Baladi (0.93 kg) compared to buffaloes (0.67 kg) by about 38.8 %.<br /> Total running costs of fattening buffalo calves significantly (P<0.0001) increased than that of Baladi ones by about 35.9 %. Feed conversion rate of buffalo calves (13.1 kg dry matter) is significantly (37.9 %, P<0.0001) higher than of Baladi calves (9.5 kg) to reach to the target body weight of 400 kg. Cost of producing one kg weight gain in buffalo calves (LE 15.4) is higher than that of Baladi calves (LE 11.2). The corresponding cost of producing one kg meat was LE 23.8 and 35.9 for Baladi and buffalo calves, respectively.<br /> In conclusion fattening of buffalo calves between 230 to 400 kg is less feasible compared to Baladi calves, due to high cost of producing one kg gain and one kg meat.<br />
Buffalo,baladi,daily gain,feed conversion,economic parameters
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82761.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82761_33ecb3dffa786f35c64d6c2a64831f3f.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS OF SOYBEAN SEEDS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED UTILIZATION AND BODY COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FINGERLINGS
29
38
EN
A.
M.
Farag
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
M.
F.
Osman
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt.
H.
M.
Khattab
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt.
A.
H.
Gomaa
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82763
A fish feeding study was conducted in a closed recirculation water system for 12 weeks; to evaluate the effect of feeding Nile tilapia <em>(Oreochromis niloticus) </em>on treated soybean products. Extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB), Germinated Soybean seeds (GSB), Germinated and heated soybean seeds (GHSB) replaced 50 and 100% of the Soybean meal in the control diet. Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of 315 tilapia fingerlings (an average initial weight of 1.2 <em>gl </em>fish) were used. Fish were randomly distributed into 21 aquaria (15 <em>fingerlingsl </em>aquarium); the water volume in each aquarium was 60 liters. Fish were fed daily at a rate of 1.7 % of fish metabolic body size (w<sup>0.8</sup>) with isonitrogenous (30% CP) and isocaloric (4200 kcal <em>GEl </em>kg diet). Each diet was given to three replicate aquaria. The following experimental treatments were tested Tl (100% soybean meal (Control), T2 (50 % of the soybean meal was replaced by EFFSB), T3 (100% EFFSB), T4 (50 % of the soybean meal was replaced by GSB), T5 (100% GSB), T6 (50 % of the soybean meal was replaced by (GHSB), T7 (100% GHSB).
Results revealed that the highest specific growth rate (3.1 <em>%/day) </em>was recorded by T2, whereas the lowest value (1.61 <em>%1 </em>day) was recorded by treatment 5. The survival rates of treatments 2, 3, I were 97.78, 95.55 and 95.55%, respectively. The worst survival rate (51.1 %) was obtained by T5. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was occurred when fish was fed treatments I (control), 2, 3, 6 and 7 than fish groups fed treatments 4 and 5 (P>0.05). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) were found to be high when fish were fed diets containing EFFSB. The highest value of dry matter in whole fish body was recorded for T3, whereas the lowest value was noticed for T5. Body crude protein content of treatments I, 2 and 4 and 6 were significantly higher than the other treatments. Body fat content of fish fed T3 was higher significantly than the other treatments (P<0.05). From the previous results we can conclude that germination of soy seeds without heating had minor effect on trypsin inhibitor which affected negatively the growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition of tilapia fish when included in its diets.
Nile tilapia,Soybean,extruded,Germination,Heat treatment
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82763.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82763_2feb1ccb0f62adaacf08e2c4af6566a1.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
EFFECT OF ENROLLMENT IN MILK RECORDING SYSTEMS ON IMPROVING MILK PRODUCTION OF EGYPTIAN BUFFALO
39
46
EN
M.
A. M.
Ibrahim
Dept. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82765
<span> </span><span>A total of 4257 lactation records of 1031 buffaloes in 5 herds were recorded by the Cattle Information System/Egypt (CISE) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University during the period from 2005 to 2011. </span>
The overall averages of of lactation period (LP, day) ,total milk yield (TMY, kg), and daily milk yield (DMY ,kg) of buffaloes were 269 days, 1854 kg and 6.9 kg , respectively . All effect of farm , season , parity , enrollment interval and interaction between farm and enrollment interval were significant (P<0.0001) on all traits studied. Continuation of enrollment increased improvement in TMY and DMY. The highest TMY and DMY was recorded for the longest enrollment period from 2005 to 2011 (1943 and 7.23 kg , respectively). The results indicated that enrollment in the CISE program for milk recording would increase TMY and DMY of Egyptian buffalo, the longer the enrollment interval the higher the increase of both TMY and DMY.
total Milk yield,Egyptian buffalo,fixed effects,Milk Recording systems
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82765.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82765_f6635f2bfdcb5f199850e449f8866c04.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
CHARACTERIZATION OF ZARAIBI GOAT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DELTA REGION OF EGYPT
47
57
EN
f.
h. h.
farrag
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt.
zedan121@yahoo.com
N.
A.
Shalaby
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt.
H.
R.
Metawi
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
Mona
A.
Osman
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
A.
L. I.
Desoky
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
hrmmetawi@hotmail.com
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82769
Personal interviews with 40 goat owners were conducted in three representative areas (Damietta, Port Said and Dakahlia) located in north delta, where Zaraibi goats are prevailing. The survey was carried out using structured questionnaires, during the period from February to August 2010, containing a total of 90 items grouped into goat owner production resources, management practices, goat production performance and their production constraints. The majority of households (75%) kept only goat herds and 25% owned both sheep and goats. The mean flock size was 12.6 heads, of which 53.74% consisted of does, 22.82% male kids, 19% female kids and 4.3% bucks. About 60% of the goat keepers keep goats mainly for saving purpose, the second main reason for income generation (30%), however, keeping goats for meat and milk purposes were ranked as third (5.9%) and fourth (4.5%) order, respectively. Usually the rate of majority of farmers supplementing females at suckling and late pregnancy stages 82.5 and 70%, respectively. In studied areas, 74.4% of breeders have their Zaraibi bucks. Average weaning age and marketing age were 4 and 7.5 months, respectively. Average weaning weight under household conditions was estimated as 14.8 kg. Average litter size has been recorded as 2.16 kids. Pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were estimated as 11.47 and 2.76%, respectively. Kidding interval of goat farmer’s is estimated as 250 days. Female post-weaning sales (14.19%) was found to be lower than selling adult does. Female kids growth rate and physical characteristics had higher reasons for disposal of 67.5 and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, cash need, disease, slaughter for home consumption and injury had lower reasons for disposal of 12.5, 5.0, 2.5 and 2.5%, respectively. The poor fertility performance and cash need had higher reason for disposal for adult Zaraibi females. Goat milk is used mainly for suckling kids (58%), home consumption (39%) and supplementary income to the smallholder (3%).
production system,Goat,production resources,Management Practices,performance and constraints
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82769.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82769_7dd9352152bb20e48488bf1f4e878579.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
2090-3723
3
1
2012
01
01
OPTIMIZATION OF ECONOMIC RETURN OF FATTENING HERDS OF BALADI BULLOCKS IN RELATION TO AVERAGE DAILY GAIN AND MARKETING BODY WEIGHT
59
71
EN
Amal
K.
El-Asheeri
Dept. of Animal Production, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
M.
A. M.
Ibrahim
Dept. of Animal Production, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jappmu.2012.82773
This work aims at studying the enterprise of Baladi fattening farms in Egypt under the system of controlled feeding as affected by average daily gain (ADG). Different scenarios are discussed to maximize the return of fattening farms of Baladi. Seven normally distributed herds with different ADG (g) are simulated. All herds have initial body weight (IBW) of 230 kg and marketing body weight (MBW) of 400 kg. Based on the results of previous experiment, two scenarios are tested to maximize the return of fattening Baladi farms enterprise, the first is the MBW and the second is early culling rate. Prices of the inputs are calculated based on the price list of year 2010 in Egyptian bounds (LE). Output /input ratio, net return (%), annual return of investment (ROI, %), gross margin (GM) , number of fattening cycles/ year and cost of producing one kg gain, are calculated as economic indicators.
Economic indicators measured on the seven simulated herds show increasing output /input ratio (from 0.91 to 1.16), net profit per cycle (from -8.63 to 15.67 %) and ROI (from – 10.25 to 38.77%). With increasing ADG from 550 to 1150 g, this accompanied by decreasing cost of producing 1 kg gain by 52.4%. Herds having ADG less than 750g show negative values of output / input ratio, net profit per fattening cycle, ROI. This is because of the break -even point is between ADG of 650 and 750 g. However, comparing ROI of the simulated herds with annual bank interest (7%) indicate the break-even point is achieved when ADG is not less than 810 g. ROI shows reverse trend with increasing MBW from 400 to 550 kg, regardless the ADG. ROI value increased with increasing culling rate (from 5 to 20%), however, ROI reaches a value of more than 7% (the bank interest) under culling rate of 15% (9.3%).
In conclusion, ADG of less than 850 g is not profitable if compared with annual bank interest rate. MBW of 400 kg and early culling rate of 15% at least are two scenarios to maximize the ROI of Baladi fattening enterprise. Increasing ADG by 100 g at herd level increases net profit per cycle by 5.22 % and decreases cost of producing one kg gain by 3.6%.
Baladi cattle,fattening,ADG,marketing weight,Economic indicators
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82773.html
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_82773_359b2127a70cafdbc44936a5087b1d4e.pdf