Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101FEATURES OF DAIRY FARMING UNDER CROP-LIVESTOCK MIXED SYSTEMS IN UPPER EGYPT12513711233510.21608/jappmu.2009.112335ENM. A.KhalilAnimal Production Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. M. I.El-AshmawyAnimal Production Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200913A hundred dairy farms under mixed farming system located in three districts (El-Waqaff, 31 farms, Qafft 27 farms and Qana 42 farms) inQana governorate in Upper Egypt were randomly selected with the objectives to characterize the existing dairy farming systems in Upper Egypt.
A questionnaire was designed and pre-tested to obtain data on average crop production, farm size, family crop consumption, crop cost and revenues, average cattle breed composition per farm, animal feeding, family size, average milk production in dairy farms and milk revenue over feeding cost. Data were collected through personal interviews.
The results showed that averagecultivated areas/farm was 23.02, 9.15 and 7.07 feddan (1feddan = 4200 m<sup>2</sup>) for thestudied districts, respectively. Percentages of milk production revenue over feeding cost in the three districts were 1.23%, 0.96% and 1.04% for local cows, 1.31%, 1.09% and 1.44% for buffaloes and 1.22%, 1.07% and 1.12% forcrossbred cattle for the same areas, respectively. Statistical descriptive and quantitative analyses were used in this study. Average number of animals per farm in the threedistricts were 22.69, 5.00 and 11.39 heads for local breed; 16.05, 4.00 and 7.09 heads for buffaloand 17.55, 18.17 and 13.40 heads for crossbred animals, respectively.
Average milk productions were 4.50, 5.00 and 6.42 kg/day for local cows, buffalo and crossbred cows in EL-Waqaff, respectively. While in Qafft and Qana the average milk production was 4.23, 5.05 and 6.79 kg/day and 4.10, 6.02 and 6.29 kg/day for the same genetic groups, respectively.
From the present study it could be concluded that most farmers in Upper Egypt need simple animal feeding technical innovation to improve animal productivity. There is a problem in milk market infrastructure in Upper Egypt. Artificial insemination is important to improve milk production as shown in Qafft (1687.30 kg /lac.) compared with 1645.87 and 1614.53 kg/Lac for crossbred cows in El-Waqaff and Qana distracts. Main fodder crops per farm in summer were: sorghum (2.19, 1.20 and 1.50 kirat), darawa (1.37, 1.11 and 1.14 kirat) and alfalfa (2.17, 1.14 and 1.00 kirat) in El-Waqaff, Qafft and Qana, respectively. While fodder crops per farm in winter were berseem (3.33, 1.35 and 1.26 kirat) and alfalfa (2.91, 1.13 and 0.67 kirat) / farm / day in those three respective areas.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_112335_d4afe8b854328d45b9169003c97a6f65.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101IMPACT OF BIRTH SEASON ON PUBERTY IN FEMALE AND MALE KIDS OF SHAMI GOAT IN NORTH SINAI, EGYPT13915011233610.21608/jappmu.2009.112336ENA. L. S.HashemAnimal and Poultry Physiology Department, Desert Research Center, El-Mataryia, Cairo, EgyptA. H.HammamAnimal and Poultry Breeding Department, Desert Research Center, El-Mataryia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200913<strong> </strong>
This study was carried out to determine the effect of season of birth on puberty in female and male Shami kids. Three groups of each sex born in winter, spring and autumn were observed. During these seasons, both males and females were weaned at 90 days old and offered <em>ad libitum </em>berseem (<em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em>) hay plus 100 g/ head/ day of concentrate feed mixture (14 % protein).
In female kids, the onset of ovarian activity was detected by plasma progesterone (P4) concentration determined once a week from 3 to 6 months of age then twice weekly until the onset of puberty. The results showed that, season of birth had significant (P< 0.01) effect on the age at first ovulation (puberty). Ovarian activity commenced at significant earlier age (201±23.1 days) in spring born female kids compared with either winter (264±56.9 days) or autumn (344±65.1 days) born female kids. However, there was no fluctuation in the level of P4 except a small rise (low peak) observed a few days before the onset of puberty. The P4 remained at the basal level of 0.24 ng/ml till the day of estrus and then increased gradually to the peak level of 6.4 - 8.7 ng/ml at day 10-11 of the cycle, which persisted for the next 4-5 days and then declined to the basal level at the end of the estrous cycle (day 20). Sings of estrous behaviour were observed on the day of estrus.
In male kids, the onset of puberty was individually recorded by observing the ability of the male kids to mount and copulate the induced estrus goat does. The presence of immobile spermatozoa in the ejaculate was obtained by an artificial vagina after one week of the first mount. The results showed that, season of birth had significant (P< 0.01) effect on the age at the first mounting. The puberty age of male kids born in spring (111±3.0 days) and autumn (112±5.0 days) was attained significantly (P < 0.01) earlier than those born in winter (131±4.0 days).
It could be concluded that, season of birth might modify the onset of puberty in both genders of kids, but this modification was more pronounced in female than in male kids of Shami goats.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_112336_5d62b9e358a0a09f44bb51832773bc1a.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101USING DIETARY GLUTATHIONE, ALUMINOSILICATE AND TAFLA AS AN ATTEMPT TO PREVENT AFLATOXICOSIS IN LAYING HENS16717711233710.21608/jappmu.2009.112337ENE M.A.QotaPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.E. H.El-GanzoryPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.R. A.HassanPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.Journal Article20200913<span>An experiment was conducted to </span><span>evaluate effect of dietary<span> tripeptide glutamate (reduced glutathione (GSH)) as antioxidant, tafla (TF), and hydrated sodium calcium </span>aluminosilicate<span> (HSCAS) as sorbent materials to prevent aflatoxicosis in laying hens. A total number of 371 (350 laying hens+21 cocks) thirty-wk's old El-Salam chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups; each group included 5 replicates of 10 hens each and reared in metallic batteries. </span>The remaining 21 cocks were also divided into 7 groups of 3 cocks each and housed separately for semen collection. <span>Birds were fed practical corn-soybean meal basal diet with or without 1 ppm aflatoxin B<sub>1 </sub>(AFB<sub>1</sub>) alone or plus either 5ppm GSH, 0.6% TF, 0.5% HSCAS, 0.6% TF+5ppm GSH or 0.5% HSCAS+ 5ppm GSH to form 7 diets fed from 30 to 38 wks old.Results show that contamination of basal diet with 1 ppm AFB<sub>1</sub> for 8 wks decreased (P<.01) feed intake (25.1%), egg production (42.8%), egg weight (22.3%), shell thickness (32.6%), fertility (21.9%), hatchability of fertile eggs (20%), economic efficiency (EE,38.5%), liver vitamin A (29.1%), blood hemoglobin (35.6%), serum albumin (68%) and total lipids (51%), increased relative liver weight (138.8%), liver lipids (141.9%), blood total leucocytes (WBC's) (28%) and lymphocytes (27.2%) counts, serum enzymatic activities of AST (64%) and ALT (69%), and deposited AFB<sub>1 </sub>residues in livers (68 ng/g), egg yolk (52 ng/g) and muscles (36 ng/g) compared to the controls. Adding TF or HSCAS separately into AF diet recorded similar protection effects averaged 45-56% against aflatoxicosis for the studied traits. Including GSH alone into the AF diet resulted </span>in a little<span>protective effects against AF diet for the all studied traits, except AST and ALT activities that showed a significant protective effect (20-28%). However, GSH together with sorbent materials significantly negated the adverse effects of AF diet for all studied traits and improved EE by 81% for TF+GSH and 75% for HSCAS+GSH compared to AF-diet alone. There was mortality only in the both two groups fed basal diet with AFB<sub>1</sub> alone (10%) and AFB<sub>1</sub>+GSH (6%). The present study revealed that TF (available product) presented similar safety protective effect for studied traits and EE as HSCAS (import product). Adding GSH as antioxidant together with TF or HSCAS, to AFB<sub>1</sub> contaminated diet significantly negated aflatoxicosis in the laying hens.</span></span>https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_112337_68b53deff283ee2b3e6530fa6778e499.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101EFFECT OF DIETARY CHROIUM AND ASCORBIC ACID ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DOKKI4 CHICKENS UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS IN EGYPT17919011234010.21608/jappmu.2009.112340ENR. A.HassanPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.E. M. A.QotaPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.Y. Z.EidPoult. Prod. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Kafr El-Sheikh Univ., Egypt.Nasra AwadeinPoult. Nutrition Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, ARC, Giza , Egypt.Journal Article20200913The effect of chromium (Cr) and ascorbic acid (AA) as a dietary supplementation on productive and reproductive performanceof chickens was studied under winter conditions of Egypt. Total number of 300 (250 hens+50 cocks) Dokki<sub>4</sub> chickens, of 30 weeks old were divided into 5 groups of 5 replicates each (10 hens +1 cock/ replicate). The remaining 25 cocks were divided into 5 groups of 5 cocks each and housed separately for semen evaluation. Birds in the 1<sup>st</sup> group (Cont.+) were kept in controlled normal temperature (CNT,25°C) with 64±2% relative humidity (RH) and fed corn-soybean meal basal diet (16.4% crude protein, 2750 kcal ME/kg diet) without any supplementation. Birds in groups from 2 to 5 were exposed to natural low temperature (NLT, 8-18°C) with 65±2%. These groups were fed either basal diet (Cont.-), or the basal diet supplemented either with either 250 ppm AA, 400 ppb Cr or 250 ppm AA plus 400 ppb Cr. Birds in NLT groups decreased (P≤0.05) relative body weight change (BWC, 8.6%), egg number (12.9%), egg mass (13.5%), laying rate (18.5%), hatchability of fertile eggs (4.6%), sperm motility (5.7%) and response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC's) post-injection at 6-days (13.6%) and at 9-days (25.8%), impaired feed conversion (28.9%) and economic efficiency (EE, 48.1%) and increased feed intake (9.3%), plasma contents of cholesterol (21.3%) and glucose (12.2%) contents and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma (105.7%) and in semen (54.1%) compared with control group under CNT. Dietary supplementations alleviated (P≤0.05) the adverse effects of the NLT. Birds fed basal diet supplemented with AA+Cr under NLT had significantly (P≤0.05) improved BWC (5.9%), feed conversion (17.1%), egg number (9.5%), egg mass (5.3%), EE (33.6%), plasma cholesterol (10.9%) and glucose (10.2%), semen MDA (25.8%), response to SRBC's post-injection at 6-days (19.8%) and at 9-days (38.3%), sperm motility (6.2%) and hatchability of fertile eggs (5.2%) compared with control under NLT. There was no significant effect on most semen qualities, body temperature, fertility, hatchability (based on total eggs set) and hatched chick weight. It may be concluded that a dietary combination of 250 ppm of AA and 400 ppb of Cr provides positive effect on the productive and reproductive performance and EE of Dokki<sub>4</sub> chickens under NLT.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_112340_888eeb0c63bb6c9e00409a5258bda547.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS AND NATURAL FOOD ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND BODY COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) REARED IN EARTHEN PONDS.19120111661410.21608/jappmu.2009.116614ENM. M.ZeinhomCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abbassa - Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Amal S.HassanCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abbassa - Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Tartil E. M.BadwyCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abbassa - Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20201003Net fish production and growth performance of Nile tilapia <em>(Oreochromis niloticus)</em> with an average weight 30 ± 0.65g were studied in earthen ponds offered graded dietary protein levels ( 25%, 35% and 45%) or natural food (control) for 170 days. Four treatments were applied in this study, each treatment was carried out in two ponds (100 × 40m) as replicates, each of one meter water column. The first three treatment were given a daily feeding rate 3% of fresh fish body weight and the fourth treatment did not receive any commercial feed but have only natural food produced from fertilizer ponds and served as control.
The result showed that final body weight of tilapia averaged 230.21, 320.51, 330.30 and 115.65 g / fish fed T1, T2, T3 and the control one, respectively. Net production of tilapia averaged 1250.04, 1786.52, 1805.41, and 618.26 kg / pond in these fish culture treatments, respectively. Crude protein and fat of the whole body fish increased significantly (P< 0.05) with increasing dietary protein levels, while moisture and ash of the whole body fish decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. AST, ALT and muscles and plasma cholesterol increased with increasing dietary protein levels. The results indicated that T3(45% protein) gave the highest growth and total production, whereasT2 (35%protein) gave the highest net return (11642.78L.E / ponds). This system T2 (35% protein) may be recommended for semi-intensive fish farming.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116614_244fc4af96670c38600e63d8171166e6.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101USE OF POMEGRANATE PEEL AS AN ANTIFUNGAL AND ADSORBENT MATERIAL FOR THE REMOVAL OF TOTAL AFLATOXINS (IN VITRO)20321111661910.21608/jappmu.2009.116619ENAmel AAbo HagerRegional Center for Food and Feed. Agriculture Res. Cent. Giza.Gihan M.El MoghazyRegional Center for Food and Feed. Agriculture Res. Cent. Giza.M. A.AtwaRegional Center for Food and Feed. Agriculture Res. Cent. Giza.Journal Article20201003PP was evaluated for its ability to control the <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> growth and to adsorb its toxic metabolite (Total aflatoxin-TAF) from aqueous solutions as well. The study was performed to evaluate the influence of different inclusion rates of dried Pomegranate Peel (PP) (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and3.0%) in the media used to count the total number of colony forming units (cfu) of <em>Aspergillus flavus. </em>Obtained data revealed that, inclusion of the examined substrate at 0.4% showed significant reduction of the total colony forming units compared to the control treatment (0.0%). Evaluation of various parameters i.e. adsorbent level (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15%), contact time (shaking time) 1, 2 and 4 hours, and TAF concentrations (382.11, 763.72, 1145.58 and 1527.44ppm) was also performed. Chemisorption indices were determined by HPLC analysis of extracts of the supernatants (extracted with chloroform). Adsorption abilities ranged from 27% to 99%. The maximum removal of TAF being 98.8%, took place at 15% PP present in solution (w/v) and 4hrs shaking time. Also, PP showed high adsorption abilities at increasing TAF concentration. PP efficiency in feed against aflatoxicosis should be verified further by in vivo tests.
It is recommended in the view of the results obtained in this study that, PP can be used in animal feeding as toxin binder as it has the ability to adsorb mycotoxins. Further biological and toxicological trials are required and more research work with animals at low level of toxins.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116619_790ed280400c69be9d0437affcc54ce8.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-364234120090101تأثير إستخدام تزامن الشبق والتبويض على الآداء التناسلىفي النعاج21321711662210.21608/jappmu.2009.116622ENمصطفي عبد الحلیمالحرايريقسم إنتاج الحيوان – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورةعبد الخالق السیدعبد الخالققسم إنتاج الحيوان – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورةأحمد زکیمحرزقسم إنتاج الحيوان – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورةمحمود یوسفالعايققسم إنتاج الحيوان – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورةوائل أحمدخليلقسم إنتاج الحيوان – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورةJournal Article20201003تلعب المجترات الصغيرة ومنها الأغنام دورا هاما في الإنتاج الحيواني وتجري العديد من الأبحاث لتحسين کفاءتها التناسلية وذلک بزيادة إنتاجها من المواليد بزيادة عدد الحملان الناتجة لکل نعجة وزيادة عدد الولادات ويتم ذلک عن طريق التحکم في النشاط المبيضي والشبقي خاصة في أوقات خارج موسم التلقيح وهناک العديد من الطرق منها الطريقة التقليدية والتي تستخدم فيها الإسفنج المهبلي المشبع بهرمون البروجستيرون کما أن هناک طريقة تستخدم حديثاً يتم فيها الحقن باستخدام الهرمونات الجونادوتروفية مع البروستاجلاندين أف-2 ألفا (GPG) بنظام محدد يؤدي إلي تنظيم وتزامن الشبق والتبويض وبالتالي تنظيم الولادات وزيادة عدد المواليد مما يحقق تحسين الکفاءة التناسلية للنعاج وزيادة إنتاجها وهو الهدف من هذا البحث الذي أجري بمزرعة وحدة بحوث الإنتاج الحيواني التابعة لمرکز البحوث الزراعية بکلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورة. حيث يتم المقارنة بين تلک الطريقتين وکذا العائد الاقتصادي منهم خاصة خارج موسم التلقيح. وقد کانت أهم النتائج کالتالي:
1- کان معدل الخصوبة للمعاملة الأولي باستخدام الإسفنج المهبلي هو (75%) ومعدل الولادة (100% ) ومعدل التوأمية 2حمل لکل نعجة.
2- أما بالنسبة للمعاملة الثانية (GPG) کان معدل الخصوبة للنعاج منخفضاً (33%) ومعدل الولادة (100%) ومعدل توأمية 2حمل لکل نعجة.
وبناءاً علي هذه النتائج يمکن التوصية باستخدام طريقة الإسفنج المهبلي (الطريقة التقليدية) لإحداث تزامن الشبق والتبويض و التي أعطت أفضل نتائج من الناحية العملية والإقتصادية. وما زالت هناک ضرورة لإجراء مزيد من الدراسات باستخدام جرعات مختلفة سواء في موسم التلقيح وخارج موسم التلقيح لزيادة الکفاءة التناسلية وإنتاج التوائم في الأغنام.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116622_b891ecc60b7aeef128f9224635ad24b5.pdf