Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
30
3
2005
03
01
UTILIZATION OF SOME ENSILED AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AS ROUGHAGE SOURCES IN RATIONS FOR LACTATING EWE
1317
1334
237962
10.21608/jappmu.2005.237962
EN
R. I.
El-Kady
Dept.of Animal Production, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
R.
Salama
Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Azhar University, Cairo.
A. H.
Etman
Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Azhar University, Cairo.
Journal Article
2005
02
15
The effect of utilization of some agriculture by-products as potato tops and agro-industrial by-products as spinach stem and roots in making silage offered to lactating ewes on milk production and composition were investigated. Sixteen multiparous Barki ewe's in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> seasons of lactation and of 48.0 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 0.46 kg average body weight were randomly divided into four nutritional groups (4 ewes each) and were offered silages made from some agricultural by-products in three groups with one group fed Berseem. In addition, four digestibility trials were conducted on 12 ewes at the end of the lactating trials (three ewes per each group). Concentrate feed mixture (CFM), at 2% live body weight was fed to cover maintenance requirements of lactating ewes. Silage types and Berseem fodder were offered <em>ad-libitum</em>.
<strong>Results Obtained showed that:</strong>
* Ewes fed on different types of silage increased their DMI by about 34.2, 44.7 and 56.6% for potato top silage (R2), spinach stem and roots silage (R3) and spinach stem and roots: potato top silage mixture (1:1) (R4) rations, respectively compared with the control Berseem fodder (R1) ration.
* Daily milk yield of ewes fed on different type of silages increased by about 31, 35 and 22% for R2, R3 and R4, respectively compared with those fed on control ration. However, offered silages increased (P<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span> 0.05) percentages of milk fat, lactose and gross energy content compared with Berseem fodder. The feed conversion efficiency, on (DM basis) was 6.81, 6.99, 7.33 and 8.76 Kg DMI/kg milk for R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively.
* Feeding different forms of silage significantly (P<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span>0.05) improved almost all nutrients digestibility; DM by about 9.8, 19.1 and 13.9%; OM by 13.7, 18.2 and 15.8%; CP by 15.3, 38.3 and 33.7%; CF by 10.6, 19.1 and 14.8%; EE by 69.0; 40.5 and 43.4%; NFE by 13.2, 15.1 and 13.2% for R2, R3 and R4, respectively compared with the control ration. Higher feeding values of different forms of silage compared with the control ration were obvious.
* Ruminal pH values for all groups at 4 hrs post feeding were decreased. However, ammonia-N and total VFA's concentrations were noticeably increased after 4 hrs of feeding different forms of silage compared with the control ration.
* Total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, glucose, GOT and GPT were within the normal range and without significant differences among the different experimental groups.
* Photochemical screening showed that ensiling spinach stem and roots, potato tops or a mixture of both (1:1) depressed the presence of some antinutritional factors such as saponins, glycosides, alkaloids and oxalate.
Accordingly, it could be recommended to use potato tops and spinach stem and roots in making silage to be included in feeding lactating ewes without fearing adverse and economic effects on ewes milk production and its composition.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_237962_a1d565bac8eb00f5fd7cc427e32c539e.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production
2090-3642
30
3
2005
03
01
A NEW METHOD FOR EFFICIENT HEAT DETECTION IN LARGE-SIZE BUFFALO HERDS
1335
1347
237964
10.21608/jappmu.2005.237964
EN
K. T.
Osman
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Journal Article
2005
02
21
This study aimed at the adoption of an efficient method of heat detection in buffalo raised in large herds. For that, fourty two pluriparous buffalo calvers were used in this study. Calvings were distributed over a nine-months period extending from August, 1998 to May, 1999. The post-partum reproductive traits of the dry-season calvers (n=30) were compared to those of the green-season (n=12). The results of 92 heats, 110 ovulations and 671 peripheral blood samples (analized for P<sub>4</sub> concentration) were scrutinized.
Heat detection was performed starting from the 2<sup>nd</sup> week post-partum until the pregnancy was confirmed. Visual observation of estrus was conducted throughout the 24 hours of the day using a T.V-closed circuit unit. Heats were also detected using four types of detector animals i.e., a testosterone-treated buffalo cow, a testosterone-treated buffalo heifer (each was fitted with a chin-ball marking harness), a vasectomized buffalo bull and an intact buffalo bull.
The overall mean of uterine involution period, post-partum ovulation interval, post-partum ovulatory heat interval, number of days-open and calving interval were 36.8±1.2, 39.0±3.6, 49.1±4.6, 75.6±4.5 and 392.2±0.4 days, respectively.
The green-season buffalo calvers had significantly (P<0.05) lower incidence of quiet ovulations, higher conception rate-to the 1<sup>st</sup> service and longer gestation period as compared to those of the dry-season calvers. The corresponding estimates of these traits were 10.0 vs. 16.4%, 83.3 vs. 60.0% and 323.0±2.2 vs. 314.1±1.8 days, respectively. Nevertheless, the conception rate after the 2<sup>nd</sup> service and the ultimate calving interval did not show any significant differences due to season of calving.
Heat detection efficiency (HDE) showed significant variations (P<0.05) among the different methods of heat detection used. The calculated estimates of HDE were 97.7% for the androgenized buffalo cow, 91.3% for the androgenized buffalo heifer, 87.1% for the vesectomized buffalo bull, 87.9% for the intact bull and 82.3% for the visual observation method. The corresponding efficiency estimated for detecting quiet ovulations were 82.8%, 65.5%, 41.4%, 44.8% and 0.0%, respectively.
It has been shown that well managed buffalo cows raised in large-herds are capable to maintain regular reproductive capacity throughout the year-round. In these herds, the use of an androgenized buffalo cow fitted with a chin-bull marking harness could be suggested as an efficient, sanitary and economic method of heat detection.
https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_237964_83bb1e31e0b73dc8d398987c70e9d57b.pdf