Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001EFFECTS OF: DIETARY LEVEL OF RICE POLISHINGS ON THE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKS '7123713824526810.21608/jappmu.2003.245268ENKh. EI.Sherif,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura
University, Egypt.Journal Article20030903The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of using rice <br /> polishings (RP) in broiler diets on the performance of chicks. Five levels of RP (0.0, <br /> 10, 20, 30 or 40%) were used in five starter and five grower diets. All experimental <br /> diets were used with or without phytase supplementation (0.0 or 0.4 kg/ton feed). The <br /> experimental diets were isoenergetic-isonitrogenous (the starter diets contained ME of <br /> about 3200 kcal/kg and CP of about 23%, whereas, the grower diets had ME of about <br /> 3100 kcal/kg and CP of about 20%). Three hundred and thirty, one-day-old, broiler- <br /> type Hubbard chicks were randomly divided into ten equal experimental groups of 3 <br /> replications each. The chicks were fed the starter diets <em>ad libi</em><em>t</em><em>um </em>up to 21 day-old, <br /> then they were switched to the grower diets from 22 to 42 days of age.
The criteria of response were live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed <br /> conversion ratio, mortality rate, carcass traits, nutrients digestibility, some blood <br /> constituents (plasma glucose, total protein, total lipids, cholesterol and inorganic <br /> phosphorus) and economic efficiency. The obtained results can be summarized as <br /> follows: - Using RP in broiler diets up to 40% improved the economic efficiency and <br /> did not affect carcass traits, nutrients digestibility, mortality rate or blood parameters of <br /> chicks. However, when RP was added at inclusicn rate of 40% of the diet, both <br /> marketing live body weight and feed intake of broiler chicks were significantly <br /> depressed but the feed conversion ratio was not affected. Supplementation of the <br /> diets with phytase significantly increased the body weight of chicks, body weight gain, <br /> feed intake and improved the feed conversion ratio. However, enzyme <br /> supplementation had no effect on carcass traits, nutrients digestibility and blood <br /> constituents in chicks, or on the economic efficiency of the experimental diets. From <br /> the previous results, it can be concluded that rice polishings can be used up to 30% of <br /> the corn-soybean broiler diets by which good results of broiler performance, carcass <br /> traits and economic efficiency can be obtained. Supplementation of the diets with <br /> phytase significantly improved the performance of broiler chicks.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245268_bbbad98652d3ee58b0d47c5783b5ac4c.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001EFFECTS OF DIETARY ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SOME PLANT PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS7139715524527310.21608/jappmu.2003.245273ENKh. EI.Sherif,Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura
University, EgyptM. H.RabiePoultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura
University, EgyptF. S. A.IsmailPoultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura
University, EgyptA. H.RayaPoultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura
University, EgyptJournal Article20030905The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of broiler <br /> chickens fed diets with different crude protein levels to dietary enzyme (Allzyme <br /> Vegpro) supplementation. Day-old unsexed broiler chicks were fed on a commercia! <br /> starter diet (contained 22% crude protein and metabolizable energy, ME, 'of about <br /> 3100 kcal/kg) up to 17 days of age. Then, two hundred and fifty-two birds were <br /> randomly distributed into six equal experimental groups, each with six equal replicate <br /> groups, kept at the rearing batteries and fed <em>ad libitum </em>their respectiye mash <br /> experimental diets. Six iso-energetic diets (ME of about 3000 kcallkg) contai~ed three <br /> levels of crude protein (20,18 or 16%) and two levels of enzyme supplement~tion (0.0 <br /> or 1.5 g/kg diet) were formulated and used from 17 to 45 days of age. The ~riteria of <br /> response were live body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, protein intake and feed <br /> conversion. Total mortality and economic efficiency of feeding were also determined. <br /> Nutrient digestbilities of the experimental diets were measured when the birds were 5 <br /> weeks of age. At the termination of the study, certain parameters of carcass traits and <br /> some blood constituents (plasma levels of glucose, total protein, total lipids and <br /> cholesterol as well as activities of plasma transaminases: AST and AL T) were <br /> quantified. The results obtained, for the whole experimental period, can be <br /> summarized as follows:
Regardless of enzyme supplementation, decreasing dietary crude protein <br /> (CP) level from 20 to 16% adversely affected (P$0.01) live body weight, body weight <br /> gain, daily protein intake, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency of feeding. <br /> Also, decreasing dietary CP level significantly (P$0.01) increased abdominal fat <br /> percentage. However, dietary CP level had no significant effects on mortality of <br /> chicks, daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility, tested blood parameters or carcass <br /> traits. Enzyme supplementation, regardless of dietary CP level, significantly improved <br /> (P$0.01) the feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks during the whole period of study. <br /> All other criteria measured were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the enzyme <br /> supplementation. Also, the interactions between dietary CP level and enzyme <br /> supplementation were not significant (P>0.05) for all studied criteria. Under the <br /> conditions of this study, economically, it was concluded that a level of 20% CP with or <br /> without enzyme supplementation is the optimal dietary protein level in grower broiler <br /> diets for maximizing broiler growth performance and optimizing the efficiency of feed <br /> utilization. The diet should also be well balanced in all nutrients and its CF' content <br /> should provide a balanced pattern of amino acids.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245273_57974a928a922a9077b8eec2296e50ce.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001REDUCING THE TOXICITY OF AFLATOXIN B1 BY DIFFERENT ADSORBENTS IN FISH7157716724528310.21608/jappmu.2003.245283ENS. A.Shehata,Animal Production Department, Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptM. S.MohamedAquaculture Research Lab. Abbassa, Abo-Hamad, EgyptG. A.MohamedAquaculture Research Lab. Abbassa, Abo-Hamad, EgyptJournal Article20030911Reduction of atlatoxicosis in Nile tilapia <em>(Oreochr</em><em>o</em><em>mis niloticus) </em>fish was <br /> exmined by adding eight commercial adsorbents from Egyptian market to aflatoxin 8, <br /> contaminated diets in a feeding trial for 8 weeks. Twenty hundred and ten growing <br /> Nile tilapia <em>(Ore</em><em>oc</em><em>h</em><em>rom</em><em>i</em><em>s </em><em>ni</em><em>l</em><em>otic</em><em>us</em><em>) </em>fish were assigned to ten experimental diets. There <br /> were 3 replicate glass aquariums of 7 fish <em>I </em>replicate. The 1<sup>st</sup> diet served as a control <br /> (commercial diet) (C), the 2<sup>n</sup><sup>d</sup> one was contaminated with 9 mg aflatoxin 8, <em>I </em>Kg diet
(A) and the other experimental diets contained the same level 0 f aflatoxin 8, plus <br /> 0.5% of adsorbents from I to VIII. Adsorbent I was modified yeast cell wall, II was <br /> bentonite, III was tri - star , IV was m ycobond, V was e gy - t ox, VI was m oldstop <br /> super, VII was fungstat-k and VIII was moldstop mycobind plus.
Aflatoxin 8, caused significantly (P ~ .05) loss in live body weight which was <br /> 6.09; 11.25; 17.34 and 22.87% of the treated fish at 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 weeks, <br /> respectively. Mortality rate increased significantly (p S 0.05) (47.62 % versus 4.76% <br /> for the control) by aflatoxin. Also, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine <br /> aminotransferase (AL T) activites increased Significantly by aflatoxin but the total <br /> protein and albumin decreased.
Adding the adsorbents caused significantly (P ~ .05) reduce the toxic effect <br /> of aflatoxin on loss of body weight (the improvement ranged from 14.53 to 95.57%) <br /> according to the kind of adsorbent and experimental duration. Also significantly <br /> (P ~ .05) decrease in the mortality rate and improved the blood parameters (ps 0.05) <br /> were caused by adsorbents.
These results suggested that ac!ding adsorbents specially adsorbent IV <br /> (Mycobond) and VI (mold stop super) to fish diet contaminated with aflatoxin 8, had <br /> benifical effects in fish feeding.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245283_53197fc4e7fb254093e9008928ddadfc.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001REDUCTION OF THE DIETARY TOXICITY OF T-2 TOXIN AND DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL (DAS) BY GARLIC IN FISH7169718224528410.21608/jappmu.2003.245284ENS. A.Shehata,Department of Animal Production, Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig,
Egypt.A. A.AskarDepartment of Poultry Production, Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ.,
Zagazig, Egypt.M. S.MohamedAquaculture Research Lab., Abbassa, Abo-Hamad, Egypt.Journal Article20030915Nine experimental groups in a 3 X 3 factorial design were used to evaluate the <br /> efficiency of garlic in detoxification of <em>T</em><em>-</em><em>z </em>toxin and DAS in fish diets. The experimental <br /> groups were: Control (commercial diet); 2% garlic; 4% garlic; T-2 toxin (4 mg <em>I</em><em>Kg </em>diet); <br /> T-2 toxin plus 2% garlic; <em>T-</em><em>z </em>toxin plus 4% garlic; diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) (10 <em>mg</em><em>/</em><em>kg <br /> </em>diet); DAS plus 2% garlic; DAS plus 4% garlic. There were 3 replicate aquariums of 10 <br /> fish Nile tilapia <em>(Oreochromis niloticus) </em>per aquarium for each experimental group. <br /> The fish were maintained on the tested diets for 3 weeks and fed at a rate of 2% of <br /> the total body weight. T-2 toxin and DAS had bad effect on the biological performance <br /> of fish. It caused loss (P ~ 0.05) in live body weight; increase in mortality rate (P ~ <br /> 0.01); reduction (P ~ 0.01) in values 0 f hemoglobin, h ematocrite, total protein and <br /> albumin and increase (P ~ 0.05) in activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and <br /> alanine aminotransferase (AL T). Furthermore, the tissues of body organs (liver: <br /> kidney and spleen) suffered from these toxic effects, since liver and kidney showed <br /> sever destruction; focal coagulative necrosis or hydropic degeneration beside <br /> inactivation of hepatopancrease. Hemorrhages, congested sinusoids or ellipsoids <br /> were seen in spleen. Adding garliC to the contaminated diets reduced the toxic effect <br /> of the two toxins 0 n growth performance; mortality rate; blood parameters and the <br /> histological structure of the tested tissues. Most of results indicated that addition of <br /> 2% garlic showed higher improvement than that of 4%.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245284_484aaebaf012269cb75c09adff84d20d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001STUDIES ON THE HAIRCOAT OF HOLESTEINI. FRIESIAN CALVES IN RELATION TO THEIR FUTURE PERFORMANCE7183719624528510.21608/jappmu.2003.245285ENR. A.Guirgis,Desert Research Centre, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptS. H.EI-KhashabFaculty of Agriculture, Menoufyia University, Shebin EI-Kom, EgyptR. E.KhidrDesert Research Centre, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptA. SolimanFaculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20030919This experiment was carried out using 397 newly born Friesian Holstein <br /> calves to study some of hair coat characteristics during the different seasons up to <br /> one year of age and their relations to some physiological parameters and animal body <br /> weight. Hair coat measurements involved field observations (coat depth, density, <br /> curliness and luster) and laboratory measurements (fiber density, fi er length, fiber <br /> crimping and fiber shedding). Physiological parameters dealt with rectal temperature, <br /> skin and hair temperature and respiration rate.
In the present study, hair coat characteristics of calves showed strong <br /> seasonal variations. Coat type was short, more medullated, less del se and h ad a <br /> very few number of crimps in summer, whereas in winter it was dense, long and low <br /> in percentage of medullated fibers.
Physiological parameters showed higher values in summer tha~ those in winter <br /> season. Temperature gradients of rectal temperature and each of sk n temperature, <br /> mid point coat temperature and surface coat temperature showed a higher value fer <br /> insulation during winter season than those of summer.
Daily weight gain showed high positive correlation (P<0.01) with fiber density <br /> (0.611), fine undercoat length (0.603), coarse undercoat percentage (0.719), coat <br /> depth (0.838), curliness (0.734) and belly cover depth (0.775).
It could be concluded that the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat <br /> characteristics might be regarded as one means of animal adaptability to the <br /> environmental factors which surrounded the animals. Such fluctuations had also <br /> strong correlations with the physiological responses of animal body as well as with <br /> daily weight gain.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245285_3062b04c362d92ed1a10d98cbeff5751.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001EFFECT OF REPLACING FISH MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL BY SWEET LUPIN SUPPLEMENTED WITH METHIONINE IN DIETS ON THE PRODUVTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BLUE TILAPIA FISH (Oreochromis aureus)7197720724528610.21608/jappmu.2003.245286ENM. F.Osman,Department of Animal Production, Branch of Fish Production, Faculty of
Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20030915In an experiment carried out in the fish wet lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, <br /> Ain Shams University. 360 fish fingerlings <em>(Oreochr</em><em>o</em><em>mis aureu</em><em>s</em><em>) </em>with an average <br /> initial weight of 3g! fish were used. The fish were randomly distributed in 18 twenty <br /> liter fiberglass tanks (20 fish each). The tanks were a part of closed system provided <br /> with biological and mechanical filters to keep constant water quality in all tanks. <br /> Water temperature was kept constant at 27" C throughout the experimental period (8 <br /> weeks) by an electrical thermo regulated heaters (4kW). Six experimental diets were <br /> formulated to contain 31% crude protein and 4150 cal gross energy! kg, where diet 1 <br /> (control) contains fish meal and soy bean meal as a main sources of protein in the <br /> diet. In the second diet, soybean meal protein was replaced by sweet lupin protein to <br /> test the <em>effec</em><em>t </em>of replacing soybean meal by sweet lupin. and diets 3. 4. 5 and 6 were <br /> designed to include only plant protein sources (soybean meal and sweet lupin) <br /> supplemented with 0, 0.3, 0.6 or 0.9 % DL-methionine, respectively. Each diet was <br /> fed daily to 3 tanks at a rate of 7% of fish body weight daily. During the experimental <br /> period. fish were weighed every 7 days to. adjust feed amount. A sample of fish <br /> fingerlings at the beginning of the experiment and the all fish at the end were <br /> chemically analyzed to determine the <em>d</em><em>i</em><em>fferences </em>in body composition.
The results showed that fish groups fed diets containing both animal and <br /> plant proteins (diet 1 and 2) had the highest significant weight gain (P<0.05). When <br /> animal protein was replaced by plant protein without methionine supplementation <br /> (group 3) fish final weight decreased to less than 50% of the control group. With <br /> adding DL-methionine the growth performance parameter values (weight gain, SGR. <br /> <em>feedl </em>gain. PER, PPV and the energy utilization) started to increase. Final body <br /> protein was not significantly (P>0.05) <em>affected </em>by the type of protein used in diets. <br /> Body fat content was decreased when sweet lupin was incorporated in diets. Ash did <br /> not indicate any changes when protein source in the diets was changed. It seems that <br /> soybean meal can be replaced by sweet lupin without adverse effects on fish <br /> productive performance and supplementation of sweet lupin with DL methionine <br /> improved growth rate and feed utilization of blue tilapia fingerlings <em>(Oreochromis <br /> aureus)</em><em>. </em>https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245286_fda0ec99522e3bb0b199109a52907d8b.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-3642281020031001EFFECT OF CADMIUM, COPPER AND LEAD CONTAMINATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus).7209722224529110.21608/jappmu.2003.245291ENM. F. I.Salem,Animal Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Ministry of AgricultureJournal Article20030925Bolti <em>(T</em><em>i</em><em>l</em><em>apia </em><em>ni</em><em>l</em><em>otic</em><em>us</em><em>) </em>fish were grown in polluted water with one of the <br /> heavy metals namely cadmium. copper or lead. The concentrations of the tested <br /> metals in fresh water environment were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l Cd, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/l Cu <br /> and 0.1 and 0.2 <em>m</em><em>g</em><em>/</em><em>l </em>pb. An experiment of 56 days was performed to study the effect <br /> of the tested sublethal levels of each of cadmium. copper and lead on growth <br /> performance. body composition. residual concentration and muscular and abdominal <br /> area of fish body. A set of 140 fish with 10 g average initial body weight was divided <br /> into 14 similar groups in glass aquaria containing 75 liter of water in each. The <br /> treatments and the centrol were allocated to the experimental groups in doplicates. <br /> The fish were fed on a commercial diet containing about 25% crude protein at a rate <br /> of 3% of the body weight daily during the experimental period. The results showed <br /> that cadmium. copper and lead caused a significant reduction in the average weight <br /> gain (AWG). specific growth rate (SGR). survival rate (SR). feed conversion (FC). <br /> protein efficiency ratio (PER). and carcass dry matter and protein percentages. <br /> Residual concentration increased in fish tissues. Fish muscles area decreased at the <br /> two levels studied of each pollutant as compared with the control.https://jappmu.journals.ekb.eg/article_245291_da1cd93d2b7976d89babf772c5d205c0.pdf