Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401EFFECT OF ROSEMARY, BASIL AND GARLIC OILS AS NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTERS IN BROILER CHICKS1571716944510.21608/jappmu.2014.69445ENGihan M.El MoghazyRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Motawe H. F.A.Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Dina M.SakrRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Radwan S.A.Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Osman A.M.Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140429This study was carried out to investigate the effect of rosemary, basil and garlic oils on some productive performance, caecalmicroflora and blood parameters of broiler chicks. A total number of 400 one-day old broiler chicks were used. The chicks were divided into 10 groups included one control and 3 groups for every type of the used oils. Each of the tested oils was used at an inclusion rate of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g/kg diet. The obtained results revealed that, the birds fed 0.25 g rosemary oil/ kg basal diet had normal feed conversion ratio concurrent with significantly lower feed intake; normal dressing percentage, normal relative organs weights, except relative abdominal fat weight that increased significantly, normal average pH, higher beneficial bacteria, lower pathogenic bacteria, normal biochemical parameters included cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and uric acid. Whereas, lower significantly in ALT and creatinin and higher in overall parameters acceptance of sensory evaluation as compared to the control group. The birds fed 0.25 g basil oil/ kg basal diet had normal dressing percentage, relative organs weights, average pH and beneficial bacteria; significantly lower pathogenic bacteria, normal biochemical parameters included AST and uric acid. Whereas, lower significantly in triglycerides, ALT and creatinin and normal in overall parameters acceptance of sensory evaluation as compared to the control group. Whereas, positive effect of garlic oil was noticed at a level of 0.50 g/kg basal diet as it caused normal feed conversion ratio concurrent with significantly lowest feed intake; normal dressing percentage, relative organs weights and average pH, lower pathogenic bacteria, lower significantly in triglycerides, AST, ALT and creatinin. Whereas, obtained normal uric acid andhigher overall parameters acceptance of sensory evaluation compared to the control group.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN EWES USING SPONGES WITH PMSG OR RAM EFFECT WITH OR WITHOUT PROGESTERONE INJECTION1731856944710.21608/jappmu.2014.69447ENAbdel-Khalek A.E.Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agri., Mansoura Univ.Khalil A.W.Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agri., Mansoura Univ.El-Saidy E.B.Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Ministry of Agric.Youssif I.A.Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Ministry of AgricJournal Article20140429Total of 40 crossbred ewes were divided into five treatment groups (8 ewes each). Ewes in the first group (G1) represented the control ewes which were allowed for natural mating. The control ewes were exposed to fertile ram from the contemporary to that of treatment groups start time up to the end of the breeding season (end of September) and natural mating was applied for those coming in estrus. Ewe in the other four treatment groups G2, G3, G4 and G5 treatment groups were inserted with 20 mg sponges for 11 days, and ewes in G2 were injected with 300 IU PMSG on the Day 11 (sponge withdrawal), ewes in G3 the same treatment of G2 but injected with 1 ml progesterone (Lutone) before the sponge withdrawal with 24 h (Day 10), ewes in G4 after sponge withdrawal teaser introduce ram kept until artificial insemination was done. Ewes in G5 the same treatment of G4 but injected with 1 ml progesterone (Lutone) before the sponge withdrawal with 24 h (Day 10). Ewes in all treatment groups were artificially inseminated twice 48 and 56 hr after the sponge removed with fresh diluted semen. Blood samples were taken during treatment period for P4 assay.
Results show that estrus rate was 100% in treatment groups and onset of estrus was the latest (P<0.05) with the longest duration (P<0.05) in ewes of G5, while those in G2 showed an opposite trend. Lambing rate was the highest (P<0.05) in G2 and G5 (75%), moderate in G3 and G4 (62.5%) and the lowest in G1 (50%). Ewes in G3 showed the highest (P<0.05) fecundity and twining rates (112.5% and 1.80 lamb /ewe) due to the greatest number of twins as compared to other treatment and control groups. The differences in average LBW of lambs at birth between all treatment groups and the control one were not significant. There was marked differences in P4 level according to treatment and lambing in different groups. In conclusion, the findings of the present research indicate that primary P4 and PMSG is a beneficial adjunct to the breeding of sheep by AI at progestagens-synchronized estrus and administration of 300 IU PMSG at sponge withdrawal is more effective for increasing the reproductive performance of artificially inseminated crossbred ewes in breeding season.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401EFFECT OF SELECTION SIRES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAIS OF BARKI LAMBS.1871946944910.21608/jappmu.2014.69449ENIbrahim M.MonaDivision of Animal and Poultry Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Matahaf El Mataria St., P.O. Box 11753, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptShehata F.M.Division of Animal and Poultry Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Matahaf El Mataria St., P.O. Box 11753, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptNayera Z.BedierDivision of Animal and Poultry Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Matahaf El Mataria St., P.O. Box 11753, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptS. M.GadDivision of Animal and Poultry Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Matahaf El Mataria St., P.O. Box 11753, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20140429This study was initiated to determine the production advantage of selected on-farm growth performance rams mated to Barki breeding ewes. Breeding rams selection was based on a combination of growth data and visual appraisal of muscling. Twenty-five Barki rams, representing high (H) and moderate (M) growth performance were randomly assigned to mate 180 Barki breeding ewes through out three successive breeding seasons. Data collected during this study included; ewe lambing rate, pre- and post-weaning lamb growth performance and lamb carcass merit. Results indicated that, no significant differences (P≤ .05) were found among the selected rams (H & M) on lambing rate, birth weight, weaning weight, pre weaning average daily gain and yearling weight. Meanwhile, there were a significant differences in post weaning average daily gain among progeny sired by H rams and those sired by M rams, estimated as 12% increase in favor of H rams (86.04 gm vs. 76.75 gm), respectively. The current results demonstrated a small difference (9.25 gm/day) but economically important advantage of lambs sired by H rams compared to lambs sired by M rams. Accordingly, each marketed lamb sired by H rams will earn more revenues of approximately LE 115 than the marketed lamb sired by M rams. No significant differences (P≤ .05) were observed among carcass merit of progeny sired by H or M rams. Results concluded that ram selection based on a combination of pre- and post weaning growth performance can be used to adequately identify superior sires, as well as, using sire with superior growth traits in a commercial sheep enterprise can greatly increase lamb growth efficiency.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401EVALUATION OF USING SOME PROBIOTICS IN DIETS OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)1952106945310.21608/jappmu.2014.69453ENM. A,1AbdelhamidDept. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura,M. H.AhmedCent. Lab. for Aqua. Res., Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia.DoaaK H.KhamisCent. Lab. for Aqua. Res., Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia.Journal Article20140429To evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of two feed additives, mainly Super Biobuds (P<sub>1</sub>) and Bio-yeast (P<sub>2</sub>).This laboratory study was carried out for 12 weeks. Each probiotic was tested at 3 levels, being 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg diet. Each level was presented in 3 replicates. Twenty one glass aquaria (each of 60X75X50 cm and180 l water volume). Each aquarium was stocked by 10 African catfish fingerlings and fed daily at 3% of the biomass for 6 days a week. The obtained results could be summarized in the followings:
1) The use of probiotics in the diet of African catfish was better than the control (without additives) concerning the growth, feed utilization, and serum proteins of the fish.
2) The best fish growth was obtained using 1.0 and 1.5 from P<sub>2</sub>, and 1.5 g/kg from P<sub>1</sub>, respectively.
3) The use of such probiotics was responsible for increasing the crude protein percentage in the African catfish body, where the highest protein content was found by feeding 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 g/kg diet of P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, and P<sub>1</sub>, respectively.
So, it is to recommend the addition of 1.5 g/kg Bio-yeast (P2) to the African catfish diet to obtain fish with high protein content and low fat content; hence, leads to improvement in cultured fish performance and its quality. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401EFFECT OF MATURATION MEDIA SUPPLEMENTED WITH RETINOL OR ASCORBIC ACID OR α-TOCOPHEROL ON CUMULUS CELL EXPANSION AND IN VITRO NUCLEAR MATURATION OF BUFFALO OOCYTES.2112206949010.21608/jappmu.2014.69490ENA. W.KhalilAnimal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.M. A.El-HarairyAnimal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.A. E.Abdel-KhalekAnimal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Z. M.R.K.Al-Palani.Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20140430The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing maturation media with, retinol (10 µmol/ml), ascorbic acid (100 µmol/ml) and α-tocopherol (100 µmol/ml), on cumulus cell expansion and<em> in vitro</em> nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes. Oocytes were collected from ovaries taken from slaughterhouses. Only compact oocytes were used for <em>in vitro</em> maturation by TCM-199 medium supplemented with different vitamin levels for 22 h in CO2 incubator at 38.5 <sup>°</sup>C, 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Maturation rate was determined in terms of degree of expansion of cumulus cells and oocytes at metaphase-II (nuclear maturation). Results revealed that all supplements yielded higher percentages of oocytes showing full expansion of cumulus cells (77.2, 69.4 and 69.2% for tocopherol, ascorbic acid and retinol, respectively) as compared to control medium (60.2%), but the differences were not significant. Maturation rate in term of percentage of oocytes arrested at anaphase-I, telophase-I and metaphase-II was significantly higher for media supplemented with retinol, tocopherol and ascorbic acid, being 83.5, 82.2 and 81.94% as compared to 68.54% in control medium, respectively.
Conclusively, the present results may suggest that the supplementation of maturation medium (TCM-199) with retinol, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol as a non enzymatic antioxidants had a beneficial effect on the cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes. Retinol supplementation yielded the best results.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36425420140401APPLICATION OF Pichia anomala And Schwanniomyces occidentalis,as A Boicontrol Of Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus And Their Effect On The Metabolism Of Rats.2212356952410.21608/jappmu.2014.69524ENA. F.El-BazDept. ofGenetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, SadatCityUniv.,Egypt.H. F.A.MotaweRegional Center for Food and Feed,Agric. Res. Cent ,Giza, EgyptA. A.TayelDept. ofGenetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, SadatCityUniv.,Egypt.M. I.NasrDept. ofGenetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, SadatCityUniv.,Egypt.Tahany R.AlyRegional Center for Food and Feed,Agric. Res. Cent ,Giza, EgyptJournal Article20140430The contamination of animal feed with mycotoxigenic fungi is a disastrous problem along the food chain. <em>Pichia anomala</em> and <em>Schwanniomyces occidentalis</em> were applied as a biocontrol yeast to prevent <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> growth <em>in vitro</em> and in feed corn. The yeast strainswere able to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi growth on animal feeds and improve the properties of the feed.The enzymes assay indicated that <em>P. anomala </em>was able to produce β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase which could propose a mode of action for its antifungal activity. Scanning electron micrographs of fungal hypha cultures with <em>P. anomala</em> revealed that yeast cell could colonize the fungal hypha leading to their lysis and deterioration. <em>Schwanniomyces occidentalis</em>produces enzymes, including a-amylase and glucoamylase,and excretes very efficiently large protein (glucoamylase).The experimental treatments T with rats divided as follows: T1 was fed as basal diet (control), T2 the contaminated diet with aflatoxins (AF) at3ml suspension of fungi/1kg diet from T3:T8wheredifferent concentrations of yeasts were added.T9was similarto T4 without AF and T10 was similar to T6 without AF. The results showed that T2caused significantly lower final body weight and total body weight gain and significantly higher mortality rate, kidney functions(creatinineand urea) and liverfunctions (AST, ALT and ALP) ,beside histopathologicaleffects in Liver, Kidney and spleenthat,Vaculation ofepithelial lining renal tubules, hydropic degemenration of hepatocytes and hemorrhage.On the other hand, the treatmentsT3-T8had significantly an improvement in performance as compared with T2 whichshowedsignificantly higherfinally body weight p˂ 0.02% and total body weight gain and lower mortality rate, Kidneyfunctions(CREATININE and Urea) and liverfunctions (AST, ALT and ALP),histopathological examination of in Liver tissue shows activation of Kupffer cells and nohistopathological changes in Kidney and spleen. The results showed the ability of one of yeasts(<em>P. anomala </em>or <em>Schwan.occidentalis</em>)or theirmixture for inhibiting mold growth andit's toxigenic effects.