Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701EFFECT OF DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata) AND BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) OILS ON PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS: 1- GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD HEMATOLOGY AND CARCASS TRAITS OF GROWING RABBITS.3813937149910.21608/jappmu.2013.71499ENAyat A.RagabAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaK. F.A.El-ReidyAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaH. M.GaafarAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Cemter, Dokki, Giza.Journal Article20200217Eighty NZW weaned rabbits (40 males and 40 females at 5 weeks of age and 535.19±14.73 g LBW) were used in a complete randomized design of four treatments during feeding period from 5 to 12 weeks of age. Rabbits in the 1<sup>st</sup> group were fed commercial pelleted diet without additive (control, G1). Rabbits in the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> groups were fed the control diet supplemented with 5 g pumpkin seed (PS) oil/kg diet (G2), 5 g nigella sativa seed (NS) oil/kg diet (G3) and 2.5 g PS oil plus 2.5 g NS oil/kg diet (G4), respectively. Results showed that dietary supplementation did not affect nutrients digestibility coefficients and nutritive values. Cecal pH value and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration of were higher (P<0.05) in G1 than in supplemented groups (G2-G4). Concentration of TVFAs was lower in G1 and the highest concentration was in G4 (P<0.05). Hemoglobin concentration, PCV%, counts of red and white blood cells, percentage of differential white blood cells, concentrations of total proteins, albumin and globulin in blood serum were nearly similar in all groups. In blood serum, concentration of glucose increased (P<0.05), total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL as well as activity of AST and ALT decreased (P<0.05) by supplementation of PS , NS or their combination. Mortality rate decreased (P<0.05) in supplemented groups. Final body weight was higher (P<0.05) in G4 as compared to G1, G2 and G3. Total and daily weight gain were higher (P<0.05) for G4 compared with the other groups. Rabbits in G2 and G3 showed the highest (P<0.05) feed intake, followed by G1, while G4 had the lowest intake (P<0.05). Rabbits in G4 recorded the best (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and performance index compared with other groups. Group 4 recorded the highest net revenue (P<0.05), followed by G1, while G2 and G3 had the lowest revenue (P<0.05). Groups 3 showed the highest (P<0.05) slaughter and carcass weights as well as dressing percentage. Groups 3 and 4 had (P<0.05) the highest abdominal and shoulder fat weight. Weight of liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen, head and bile were nearly similar in all groups. Physical characteristics, moisture and ash contents in meat of all groups. Group 4 showed the highest (P<0.05) protein content in meat. G1 showed the highest (P<0.05) fat content in meat.
In conclusion, rabbits fed diets supplemented with combination of pumpkin and black seeds oils (2.5 and 2.5 g/kg diet) showed the best results concerning digestibility coefficients, cecal fermentation, blood parameters, growth performance, carcass quality and economic efficiency.
<strong> </strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701EFFECT OF DIETARY SUNFLOWER OIL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS KEPT AT TWO CAGE DENSITIES DURING SUMMER SEASON3954097150010.21608/jappmu.2013.71500ENM. H.RabiePoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.El-Samra H. A.Abo-EglaPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.F. S. A.IsmailPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Sara Kh.SherifPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200217The present experiment was conducted with Hubbard broiler-type chicks in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3×2) to investigate the effects of feeding diets fortified with three levels of sunflower oil on growth performance of broiler chicks kept at two stocking densities during summer season. Three isonitrogenous experimental diets, fortified with sunflower oil (0.00, 1.25 or 2.50% of the diet), were formulated and used. The chicks were kept in battery cages at two stocking densities (9.04 and 11.3 birds/m<sup>2</sup>). All chicks were fed their respective experimental diets and had free access to feed and water throughout the experimental period from 2 to 6 weeks of age. The criteria of response were growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and some blood parameters.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows: Apart from the effect of cage density, dietary supplementation with sunflower oil level increased significantly the growth performance of broiler chicks (final body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion), nutrient digestibility of diets (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen retention), and blood plasma glucose concentration. However, dietary oil supplementation did not affect feed intake, carcass traits, digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen free extract or ash retention as well as blood plasma concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, or activity of AST and ALT. Decreasing stocking density led to significant increases in final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract and nitrogen retention, and in plasma triglycerides concentration. However, stocking density did not affect feed intake, carcass traits, digestibility of ether extract, crude fiber and ash retention and blood plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and globulin or activity of AST and ALT. The effect of interaction between dietary sunflower oil and cage density was not significant for most variables examined in the present study. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that reducing stocking density and dietary supplementation with sunflower oil in summer season can be used for obtaining normal growth performance of broiler chicks.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701CHARACTERIZATION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SOUTH SINAI, EGYPT4114177150210.21608/jappmu.2013.71502ENS. M.AlsheikhDesert Research Center, P. O. Box 11753, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200217The target area of this study was the South Sinai region, 200 km North East of Cairo, located at 29°35′30″N 32°42′20″E and extends about 50 km in length with approximately 20 km depth. Data were collected during year 2012-2013 as a part of the improving livestock in Sinai Program funded by DesertResearchCenter, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. A total of 125 owners (25 owners from 5 locations) was involved in a specific questionnaire sheet covering all possible livestock diversity and distribution, their productive and reproductive performance, flock and pasture management, phenotype characterization and internal parasites information. The five studied locations were Wadi-Sudr, Wadi-Abousouria, El-Bagha, El-Rena We El-Nhyat and Sadat. Results of such survey study showed that livestock population in South Sinai is mainly contributed by goats (58%), followed by sheep (38%) and the least was camels (2%), cattle (1%) and buffaloes (1%). One commercial farm of 2000 head of broilers was contributed 60% of poultry in the target studied area, followed by local (Baladi) chicken (25%), ducks (10%) and least was barbeque (5%). Average number of goats, contributing to the flock structure is greater than that of sheep, the ratio being 2.2:1. The amount of goat milk is about 0.2-0.6 kg per day. Chemical analysis of goat milk as % was 12.89 total solid, 4.16 fat and 3.54 protein. Camels are generally used for milk and meat production. It could be concluded that livestock production system of the target area depend on small ruminants and camels production. Grazing area was not sufficient for small ruminants and camels feeding requirements. Sheep had a higher percentage of infection of internal parasites than goats in the studied area.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701ECONOMIC RETURN FROM IMPROVING ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM AT SMALL HOLDERS IN HIGH DAM AREA OF ASWAN, EGYPT4194287150310.21608/jappmu.2013.71503ENS. M.AlsheikhDesert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Matryia, Cairo, EgyptA. M. A.HozayenDesert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Matryia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200217The objectives of this study were to describe the mixed farming system under small holders in High Dam area of Aswan, Egypt and to investigate different scenarios for improving their economic return. Three villages were studied (Bashier Alkhir, Klabsha and Tomas We Afia). Data on 92 holders were used (19, 41 and 32 holders from the three studies villages, respectively) in year 2012. A linear programming (LP) model with four scenarios were tested to maximize economic return described as gross margin (GM), the first (base run (LP1)) assumes free choice among all studied variables of crops and animals. While, the second scenario (LP2) had a constraint on cropping pattern to meet farmer’s needs of basic food and feed crops and assuming free choice of number of each different animal types (cattle, sheep and goat). The third scenario (LP3) assumed free choice of cropping pattern and had a constraint to the number of each studied animal type. The fourth scenario (LP4) had the cultivated area distributed equally on different crops and had a constraint to the number of each animal types. Results revealed that, in order that holders get the maximum GM, the output of LP1 suggests that, they should cultivate all their farm area with alfalfa in all villages in winter. While in summer, they should cultivate beans feeds, in Bashier Alkhir and Tomas We Afia. Also, they should keep 5.7, 10.5 and 7.9 head of cattle in Bashier Alkhir, Klabsha and Tomas We Afia, respectively. While, compared to actual situation, GM was changed by about 2.1% to 34.1% in LP1; -28% to 24.6% in LP2 and 0.5% to 29.3% in LP3 and -29.9% to 18.2% in LP4 in different villages. As compared to LP1, GM in LP2, LP3 and LP4 decreased by about 12.7 to 29.7%, 1.7% to 6.8% and 7.2% to 31.4%, respectively. It was concluded that linear programming model with the four scenarios showed that holders should cultivate Alfalfa. Also, the model showed that cattle followed by sheep are more profitable than goat within the crop-livestock production system in High-Dam area in Aswan, Egypt. GM in Klabsha was more negative affected by modification done on LP model than Bashier Alkhir and Tomas We Afia within each studied scenarios. Land, animal type and available amount of cash resources are limiting constrains but not labor.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701EFFECT OF SUPEROVULATION ON OVULATORY RESPONSE, EMBRYO RECOVERY AND EMBRYO MEASUREMENTS IN BALADI RED RABBIT DOES4294407150110.21608/jappmu.2013.71501ENTork M.DorraPoultry production Dept., Fac.of Agric., Man.Univ.Egypt.Kh. EL. SherifPoultry production Dept., Fac.of Agric., Man.Univ.Egypt.Sh. M.ShamiahBiotechnology Dept., Anim.Prod.Res.Inst. Agric. Res.Cent. Egypt.Sara F.FoudaPoultry production Dept., Fac.of Agric., Man.Univ.Egypt.Journal Article20200217Total of 24 rabbit does (5-7 mo of age, 3-4 kg LBW and 1-2 parities were used to study the effect of superovulation by PMSG on ovarian characteristics, quality and measurements of embryos at different stages (pronucli, morula and blastocyst) of Baladi Red (BR) rabbit does. Also, 3 fertile BR bucks were used for natural mating. All does and bucks were kept under the same conditions of feeding and management<strong>. </strong>Does in the 1<sup>st</sup> group (n=12) were injected with 20 mg GnRH/doe (0.2 ml Receptal) immediately after natural mating (control, G1), while does in the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (n=12) were superovulated by injection of 40 IU/kgLBW from PMSG (Foligon), followed by 0. 2 ml receptal immediately after natural mating(treatment, G2).Does in G1 and G2 were sub-divided into 3 sub-groups, 4 does in each. Ovarian characteristics were determined and embryos were recovered by flushing from each treated doe in each sub-group slaughtered after 40-46 h of mating for collection of embryos at pronucli stage (1-16 cell embryos), after 60-64 h of mating for embryo collection at morula stage and after 70-72 h of mating for those at blastocyst stage.Embryos were recovered from each uterine horn and oviduct per doe by flushing and morphologically measured for thickness of mucin coat (MC), <em>zona pellucid</em>a (ZP) and interzonal (IZ), as well as total diameter of embryos (TDE) with or without MC at different stages. Results show that average ovarian weight (right and left) and ovarian weight relative to LBW were higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1 (0.26 and 0.22; 0.15 vs. 0.33 and 0.27 g/doe; 0.19 g/kg LBW, respectively).Ovulatory response in terms of average number of normal follicles (large and small), hemorrhagic follicles and total follicles and average number of corpora lutea (CLs) were greater (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1 (17.75, 26.62, 0.5, 45.17 and 13.58 vs. 28.83, 32.0, 1.83, 62.67 and 22.0/doe, respectively). Ovulation rate was 74.83 and 77.15% (P>0.05) in G1 and G2, respectively. Number of embryos (viable, unviable and total) was greater (P<0.05), percentage of viable embryos was lower (P>0.05) and recovery rate of unviable embryos was higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1. Embryo measures including thickness of MC and ZP as well as diameter of IZ and TDE with or without MC were higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1, regardless embryonic stage<strong>. </strong>All embryo measures showed gradual increase (P<0.05) by increasing embryonic stage, except thickness of ZP, which showed an opposite trend (P<0.05), regardless treatment. These changes must keep in mind during cryopreservation (type of used cryoprotectants and freezing device) and embryo transfer to increase successful rates.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701THE EFFECT OF INCLUSION LEVELS OF VITAMIN E AND C ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS FED AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATED DIETS4414547150410.21608/jappmu.2013.71504ENA. S.RadwanRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.H. B. A.GharibDept. of Animal Production, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.H. F.A.MotaweRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.A. M.AttaDept. of Animal Production, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200217This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of using two levels of vitamin E (vit.E) and C (vit.C) either alone or in combination as a feed additive to ameliorate the deleterious effects of Aflatoxin (AF) on broiler performance. A total of 280 one-day old un-sexed Ross broiler chicks were housed in batteries, randomly divided into ten experimental groups as follows: The first group (C) was fed on basal diet (Control), whereas, the rest groups were received the contaminated diet with AF at 1.2 ppm/kg diet where, C<sup>+</sup>: fed the contaminated diet, E<sub>100</sub>:fed the contaminated diet with 100 mg vit.E/kg diet (E<sub>1</sub>), E<sub>200</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with 200 mg vit.E/kg diet (E<sub>2</sub>), C<sub>250</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with 250 mg vit.C/kg diet (C<sub>1</sub>), C<sub>500</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with 500 mg vit.C/kg diet (C<sub>2</sub>), E<sub>100</sub>C<sub>250</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with E<sub>1</sub> + C<sub>1</sub>, E<sub>100</sub>C<sub>500</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with E<sub>1</sub> + C<sub>2</sub>, E<sub>200</sub>C<sub>250</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with E<sub>2</sub> + C<sub>1</sub> and E<sub>200</sub>C<sub>500</sub>: fed the contaminated diet with E<sub>2</sub> + C<sub>2</sub>. The results indicated that, as expected, that C<sup>+ </sup>group had significantly lower final body weight and total body weight gain; worse total feed conversion ratio and higher total mortality rate than those of the C group. On the other hand, birds which received contaminated diet with combination of vit.E and vit.C supplementation (E<sub>100</sub>C<sub>250</sub>, E<sub>100</sub>C<sub>500</sub>, E<sub>200</sub>C<sub>250 </sub>and E<sub>200</sub>C<sub>500</sub>) had significantly an improvement in productive performance as compared to those received contaminated diet (C<sup>+</sup>). Moreover, there were no significant differences in productive performance among the birds which received control diet and those fed the contaminated diet plus combination of vit.E and C addition.
Therefore, it could be concluded that supplemental diets with the combination of vit.E and C can be used as antitoxin when the diet contaminated with aflatoxin.
Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36424720130701UTILIZATION OF DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN FISH NUTRITION 2-PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL AND YELLOW CORN BY GRADED LEVELS OF DDGS IN NILE TILAPIA FINGERLINGS DIETS ( Oreochromis niloticus).4554677149810.21608/jappmu.2013.71498ENA. A.GabrDept. Animal Production, Fac. Of Agric., Mansoura University, EgyptF. F.KhalilDept. Animal Production, Fac. Of Agric., Mansoura University, EgyptSamah E. M.El-SharkawyDept. Animal Production, Fac. Of Agric., Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20200217This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of DDGS in the diets of tilapia fingerlings on growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body, blood hematological and economic efficiency. Therefore, six graded levels of DDGS (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) were used insteated of fish meal and yellow corn protein in sex tested diets approximately isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Fish were stocked in a rearing plastic tank for two weeks adaptation period, then it were stocked at the rate of 5 fish/glass aquarium with initial weight of 6.0 ± 0.14 g/fish. During the experimental period (72 days) the fish were fed the tested diets at the rate of 6% of the total biomass for six days per week.
The obtained results showed that :
There were significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect of DDGS levels on all traits of growth performance and feed utilization parameters of Nile tilapia fed different levels of DDGS. All growth performance parameters were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing the replacement levels of DDGS until 16% of DDGS, then, decreased significantly with increasing the replacement level of DDGS. The highest values of growth performance parameters were found in replacement levels 16 % of DDGS. The best values of economic efficiency recorded with the level 12% and 16% of DDGS, respectively. It may be concluded that replacing fish meal and yellow corn by DDGS until 16% in the diets of tilapia had no any adverse effect on most of growth parameters, feed utilization, chemical composition of fish body, hematological blood parameters and economic efficiency of tilapia fingerlings.