Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36427620160601Superovulatory Response of Egyptian Buffaloes Treated with A Single Dose of Pmsg as Affected by Diameter of The Dominant Follicle1972014870110.21608/jappmu.2016.48701ENA. E.Abdel-KhalekAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. Y.El-AyekAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.S. A.DarwishAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.I. A.AhmedAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.Journal Article20190921The present work was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two superovulatory regimens to determine the diameter of follicle using ultasonography to monitoring the ovarian activity for superovulation in 21 buffalo cows, giving PMSG and PGF2α. Superovulation regime was done by injection PMSG (3000 IU) when follicular diameter of the dominant follicles reach 5-7 mm (G1, n=7), >7-9 mm (G2, n=7,) and >9 mm (G3, n=7). Buffaloes in all groups were injected with 2 ml PGF<sub>2</sub>α and naturally inseminated depend on detection of estrous within 48-72 h of PGF<sub>2</sub> injection. Flushing was conducted 7 days after insemination to determine the ovulatory response. Ultrasonography device was used during treatment period to record the number of follicles and CL and diameter of the follicles for PMSG injection. Results showed that the duration from Day 0 (estrus) up to PMSG injection was earlier (P<0.05) in G1 than in G2 and G3 (day 7.04 vs. days 9.2 and 9.8, respectively), but did not differ significantly in G2 and G3. The observed insignificant early time of treatment in G3 than in G2 was associated with wider range of treatment time in G3 than in G2 (day 8-10 vs. day 8-12). All buffalo cows in all groups came in estrus showing an estrus rate of 100% in each group. All buffaloes in G2 (100%) produced CL vs. 71.4 and 85.7% of buffaloes in G1 and G3, respectively. No embryos were produced from animals in G1, although 71.4% of animals in this group produced ovulation sites. Response rate of embryo production doubled in G2 as compared to G3 (57.1 vs. 28.6%). Buffalo cows in G2 showed insignificantly the highest total ovulatory response as compared to G1 and G3 (2.71 vs. 2.14 and 2.29, respectively). Number of unovulated follicles was insignificantly lower, while number of CLs per animal (total or responded animals) was higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1 and G3.Animals in G2 showed the highest (P<0.05) average number of CLs per responded animal, while number of embryos per responded animals or animals produced embryos was insignificantly the highest in G2 as compared to other groups. Buffalo cows in G2 produced embryos at morula (2 embryos/group) and blastocyst (2 embryos/group) stages, while those in G3 yielded embryos only at compact morula (2 embryos /group) stage. In comparing embryo production of G2 and G3, results revealed that averages number of total and transferable embryos were greater in G2 by about 50% than in G3. These findings are associated with higher recovery rate of total embryos in G2 than in G3, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the potentiality of PMSG injection to induce high superovulatory response in buffaloes is highly related to follicular diameter. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, appropriate time for superovulation in buffalo cows treated with 3000 IU of PMSG was when diameter of the dominant follicle reached a rang between ≤7 and 9 mm to reflect the highest ovulatory response.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36427620160601Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation to Maturation Medium on In Vitro Maturation of Rabbit Oocytes Collected from Cryopreserved Ovaries2032084870210.21608/jappmu.2016.48702ENA. Z.MehrezAnimal Prod. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Sh. M.ShamiahAnim. Prod. Res. Inst., Ministry of Agric.Rania R.AliAnimal Prod. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20190921The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of antioxidants, namely vitamin E (VE) or glutathione reduced (GSH) on <em>in vitro</em> maturation of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit oocytes recovered from ovaries exposed to vitrification solution or vitrification as compared to fresh ovaries. A total of 36 non-parous NZW rabbit does, ranging 4.5-5 months of age and 2.25-2.55 kg LBW, were used in this study. Oocytes were recovered from ovaries exposed to vitrification solution, vitrified ovaries and fresh ovaries. Oocytes were <em>in vitro</em> matured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0, 200 µM VE or 200 µM GSH in CO<sub>2</sub> incubator (5% CO<sub>2</sub>) at 37.5°C and high humidity for 18 h. Results show that maturation rate in term of percentage of oocytes reached MII stage was the highest (P<0.05) for oocytes recovered from fresh ovaries, moderate for those recovered from exposed ovaries and the lowest for oocytes recovered from vitrified ovaries (60.19, 37.16 and 29.05%, respectively). This trend was associated with an opposite trend in percentage of degenerated oocytes (7.88, 13.40 and 18.09%, respectively). Regardless cryopreservation method of rabbit ovary, the effect of both types of antioxidant (VE and GSH) supplementation on the proportion of maturation rate of rabbit oocytes is revealed that he percentage of oocytes reached MII stage was higher (P<0.01) for oocytes matured by antioxidant than by control medium. The percentage of matured oocytes was higher (50.66%) for oocytes matured by GSH than VE (43.96%) <em>versus </em>the lowest percentage of control oocytes at MII stage (31.77%). However, oocytes at other stages was significantly (P<0.05) decreased for oocytes matured by GSH as compared to control, but those matured by VE did not significantly differ from that in GSH and control oocytes. Analysis of variance revealed that the effect of interaction between oocyte preservation and antioxidant supplementation was not significant on percentage of oocyte at different stages after IVM. Maturation rate of fresh, exposed or vitrified oocytes increased when they were <em>in vitro</em> matured in medium supplemented with antioxidant as compared to un-supplemented medium, being higher with GSH than VE. In conclusion, based on the foregoing results, oocytes recovered from ovaries exposed to vitrification solution or vitrified showed lower maturation rate than those recovered from fresh ovaries.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36427620160601Effect of Some Environmental Impacts on Health Condition and Growth Performance of Cultured Oreochromis niloticus at Northern Delta, Egypt.2092164870310.21608/jappmu.2016.48703ENM. O.El-GendyDepartment of Aquaculture, Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research, (CLAR), (Sakha Unit). Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt.E. H.OmarSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, (A.R.C). Egypt.M. A.Abd El-AzizSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, (A.R.C). Egypt.M. T.Shehab El-DinFish Health, (CLAR), (Sakha Unit), (A.R.C), Egypt.I. M.FouadFish Technology, (CLAR), (Abbassa), (A.R.C), Egypt.Journal Article20190921
The field study was done to study the effect of both water and soil quality on cultured <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (Nile tilapia) in the farms near NorthernDeltaLakes. Six earthen ponds (about one Faddan each) were used in this experiment in three different locations; around Edco, Borollus and Manzala lakes. Three treatment-locations were tested in double replicates (2 ponds/lake); so six ponds were stocked with mono-sex males of tilapia (12000 fingerlings/pond with average initial bodyweight of 37±1 g). Growth performance, assessment of heavy metals residues, clinical, postmortem and laboratory examinations were done. The differences in the final weights (harvest) were significant and the lowest body weight came from farms around LakeManzala and samples of water and soils suffered more from heavy metals pollution and parasitic diseases than fish from farms around LakeEdco and LakeBorollus. Regarding the clinical, postmortem and laboratory examinations; fish suffered from hepatitis, enlargement of the gallbladder, infested with metacercaria of Digenia and larval nematodes in all farms. From this study, overcoming pollution should be done seriously for producing fish fit for human consumption. The result from the study gave important information on the levels of the heavy metals in water and fish tissue .The concentrations of heavy metals in the water and fish tissue were under the permissible limits in Edko and Borollus lakes while in Lake Manzala the concentrations of heavy metals in the water and fish tissue were above the permissible limits. It is recommended that more attention must give to fish resources by the government to continuously reduce to the minimum level of lakes' pollution.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Animal and Poultry Production2090-36427620160601Influence of Oral Whole Extract from Moringa Oleifera on Semen Characteristics of Rabbits2172244870410.21608/jappmu.2016.48704ENM. A.El-HarairyAnim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.Sh. M.ShamiahBiotech. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center., Egypt.A. E.GhodaiaBiotech. Dept., Anim. Prod. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center., Egypt.Journal Article20190921The aim of this work was to study the effect of oral administration of whole extract from <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (MO) at levels of 0, 60 and 120 mg/head for 21 days on performance and semen characteristics of rabbit bucks. Total of 12 adult New Zealand rabbit bucks having live body weight (LBW) of 2304-2750 g/h kg and at six menthe of age were divided into three similar groups (n = 4 in each). Bucks in the 1<sup>st</sup> group were given 3 ml sterile distilled water (Control, G1), while those in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> groups were given 3 ml distilled water containing 60 (G2) or 120 (G3) mg from the whole extract of <em>MO</em>. Bucks in all groups were treated as daily oral administration for 21 days before semen collection. All bucks were fed commercial complete feed diet and kept under the same managerial and climatic conditions. Semen was collected twice a week for 8 weeks. On day of semen collection, reaction time (RT) was calculated and semen was evaluated for volume (SV), pH value, mass (MM) and progressive (PM) motility, sperm livability (SL) and abnormality (SA) percentages, sperm cell concentration (SCC), total sperm output/ejaculate (TSOP), damaged acrosome (DA) and response to osmotic test at osmolaity level of 50 mOsm/l for 30 min at 37<sup>o</sup>C (curled spermatozoa, CS). The obtained results revealed insignificant effect of MO on LBW of bucks. RT and percentages of MM, PM, SL, SA, SCC, TSO, DA and CS were improved (P<0.05) by MO at both levels. Semen pH value did not differ in G2 or G3 from that in G1, but pH value was higher (P<0.05) in G3 than in G2. SV increased (P<0.05) by about 27% only in G3 as compared to the G1, but did not differ from that in G2. RT and all physical semen characteristics were affected (P<0.05) by collection week, except semen pH value and DA percentage, which showed insignificantly inconsistent trend of changes throughout the collection period. RT and SA decreased (P<0.05), while SV, MM, PM, SCC and TSO increased (P<0.05) by advancing collection week. SV and CS showed inconsistent (P<0.05) trend of change during the collection weeks. The effect of interaction between treatment and collection week was not significant on RT and all semen characteristics studied. Rabbit does mated by bucks in G2 showed the best results reproductive performance, in terms of the highest kindling rate, total number of borns, total and live litter size at birth and viability rate at weaning, but the differences were not significant. Also, does mated by bucks in G2 showed the highest (P<0.05) proportion of females, litter size at weaning, and litter weight at birth and weaning. Rabbit does mated by bucks in G3 showed the highest (P<0.05) average bunny weight at birth. In conclusion, moringa oleifera extract at a level of 60 mg/h as oral administration for 21 days has significant value in improving the antioxidant status and could serve as a supportive treatment in the nutritional management to improve semen production of rabbit bucks, and consequently increasing reproductive performance of rabbit does mated by this semen.